6. Penilaian Kurikulum

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6. Penilaian Kurikulum

• The Meaning of Evaluation
• Evaluation is a process or group of processes by
  which evaluators gather data in order to make
  decisions
• Worthen and Sanders define evaluation as the
  formal determination of the quality,
  effectiveness, or value of a program, product,
  project, process, objective or curriculum.
  Evaluation includes inquiry and and judgment
  methods a) determining standards for judging
  quality and deciding whether those standards
  should be relative or absolute b) collect
  relevant information and c) applying the
  standards to determine quality

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Penilaian Kurikulum

• The Meaning of Evaluation
• 3. Daniel Stufflebeam has defined evaluation as
  the process of delineating, obtaining, and
  providing useful information for judging decision
  alternatives.

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Penilaian Kurikulum

• Approaches to Evaluation/Pendekatan Penilaian
• Essentially, evaluation consists of gathering and
  combining data in relation to a weighted set of
  goals or scales so as to allow people to make
  judgment about worth.
• In general, evaluation focuses on and results in
  decisions in one or more of three areas a.
  decision about the curriculum, the subject
  matter, as to whether to maintain the curriculum,
  revise and improve the curriculum, or to replace
  the existing curriculum with a new one b.
  decisions about individuals, primarily the
  teachers and students, which focus on instruction
  and learning, c). decisions about administrative
  regulation, which focus on the existing
  management of the school and its program, to
  determine whether the existing school
  organization should be maintained or reformed.
  Also, part of this focus is centering attention
  on the school environment and the community
  environment within which the school exists, what
  Schwab calls the milieu and Goodlad calls the
  ecosystem.

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Penilaian Kurikulum

• Scientific and Humanistic Approaches to
  Evaluation
• Lee Cronbach had identified the scientific and
  humanistic approaches to evaluation as opposite
  extremes on an evaluation continuum.

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Penilaian Kurikulum

• Scientific Approach
• Persons in this camp tend to concentrate their
  efforts on the learners. Data, frequently in the
  form of test scores, are employed to compare
  students achievement in different situations.
• Information collected is quantitative, so it can
  be analyzed statistically.
• Most scientific approaches to evaluation draw on
  methods that have been used by physical
  scientists.

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Penilaian Kurikulum

• Humanistic/naturalistic Approach
• Data collected in a way that differ significantly
  from that found in a scientific evaluation. The
  data gathered in a naturalistic investigation are
  more qualitative than quantitative in nature.
• The evaluator engages in what are called thick
  descriptions of actual incidents that were
  observed during the evaluation efforts. Data
  gained from interviews and discussions with
  participants are included in the evaluation.
  Patterns observed from the many observations form
  much of the data for analysis.

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Penilaian Formatif Sumatif

• Penilaian Formatif
• Formative evaluation encompasses /includes those
  activities undertaken to improve an intended
  program. It is carried out both the development
  of a new program and the implementation of the
  program.
• In the curriculum development phase, formative
  evaluation furnishes evidence that will direct
  decisions that can be made about how to revise a
  program while it is being developed. Formative
  evaluation takes place at a number of specified
  points during the curriculum development process.
  It provides the opportunity for the evaluators to
  modify, reject or accept the program as it is
  evolving.

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Penilaian Sumatif

• Summative evaluation aims at getting the total
  picture of the quality of a produced and then
  taught curriculum.
• When applied to a newly developed curriculum,
  summative evaluation is usually undertaken after
  the project has been completely developed and
  after it has been implemented schoolwide or
  districtwide.

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Penilaian Sumatif

• Once implemented, this type of evaluation is used
  to determine whether students have been
  successful in obtaining the final goals of the
  curriculum. Have the students met the educational
  standards of the school or state. Likewise, it is
  employed to judge whether teachers have been
  successful in meeting the minimum accountability
  standards.
• Overall, it asks the question, Has the
  curriculum worked
• The name summative has been applied because this
  type of evaluation obtains evidence about the
  summed effects of the various components or
  units in a particular curriculum