The Crusades

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The Crusades

• 1095-1291

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What were the Crusades?

• religious battles over the fight for the Holy
  Land
• Fought mainly between Catholics, Christians and
  Muslims over Jerusalem
• Goal was to recapture Jerusalem from Muslim rule

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Significance of Holy Land

• Christians- represented nativity, ministry,
  resurrection of Jesus
• Muslims- sacred site, site of ascension into
  heaven for Muhammad, prophet of Allah
• Jews- their homeland was Jerusalem

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Crusaders were....

• Soldiers for the Church
• Most believed that fighting and dying to reclaim
  Jerusalem would lead them right to heaven
• 1095 Pope Urban II called for Christians to go to
  war

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Pope Urban II

• Spoke at the Council of Claremont 1095
• He angered Christians by talking about how others
  had been attacked and murdered
• Promised if you died in the holy war, you would
  have automatic entry into heaven
• One of the most influential speeches ever
• His speech started the holy wars in western
  Europe for the next 200 years

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Holy Wars

• There were a total of nine crusades
• The 1st was a fight between Christians against
  the Jews
• Crusaders started their journey from France to
  Jerusalem
• They thought the travel would be very easy and no
  fighting would be required because they thought
  God
• would just knock the walls down when they

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• Many traveling Crusaders just left...no plans,
  money, brains
• Many died along the way
• Some stopped in Germany because Jerusalem was too
  far

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• They killed many Jews just because they were not
  Christians
• Remember church, God, Jesus, Allah, Holy land,
  heaven, fighting, murder, killing,
  robbing......Do you see any issues with these KEY
  TERMS of the Crusades?

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Effects from war....

• poverty
• food shortages, supply shortages
• fear
• destruction of many cities
• slaughters of masses of people including
  children AND..............

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Ewwwwww Gross

• "I shudder to tell that many of our people,
  harassed by the madness of excessive hunger, cut
  pieces from the buttocks of the Saracens already
  dead there, which they cooked, but when it was
  not yet roasted enough by the fire, they devoured
  it with savage mouth."

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Cannibalism

• Dead adult bodies were boiled in huge pots
• Children were grilled over fire pits

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Ewwwww Gross Again

• 'Eating babies' is a standard accusation in
  Western civilisation against one's religious or
  political           opponents. It is the
  ultimate taboo, as you will realise. Hence the
  Romans accused the early           Christians of
  eating babies, the medieval West accused Jews and
  heretics of eating babies, in           medieval
  literature pagans eat babies, the Revolutionary
  French peasantry accused the French          
  nobility of eating babies. The crusaders did eat
  their horses (which in Britain at least is only
  one           step up from eating babies) and
  during the first crusade one group of warriors
  (the 'Tafurs') were           accused of eating
  babies...

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Effects on Exploration

• While traveling Crusaders passed many places such
  as ASIA
• They saw many things that peeked their curiosity
• Books, Compass, Gold, Pepper

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• People got curious and wanted to begin find
  stuff..
• Exploration had begun and also a Renaissance
  would beginbooks, art, literature

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Shipbuilding and Funding

• After the Crusades shipbuilding increased and
  more money was granted for exploration
• Prince Henry the Navigator- Portugal
• Navigation school, improvements in shipbuilding

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TimeLine

• 1400-1500 European Renaissance
• 1430s Portuguese begin to explore West Africa
• 1441 African slaves first traded
• 1472 Isabella becomes Queen
• 1492 Columbus lands in the Caribbean islands

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West Africa

• Africans lived much like the Natives
• Sophisticated form of government ran by elites
• Took part in trade with Europe, India, Asia
• They exported gold, copper, cloth, spices

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Kongo

• Southwest coast of Africa
• One of the most prosperous
• Markets.yams, pigs, grains, palm oils, goats
• Lots of trading opportunitieslots of wealth
• Women collected black shells used as money

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Kongo Government

• Elaborate system
• Divided into 8 provinces, each had a governor and
  local officials
• King was elected
• Kings crib was large.in the capital where it
  was the center of trade

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If need be.

• The king of Kongo could raise an 80,000 men army
• Tropical weather lead to..

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Explorers

• John Cabot- Italian but lived in England
• Christopher Columbus-Europe
• Juan Ponce de Leon-Spain
• Vasca Da Gama-Portugal
• Giovanni Da Verranzo-Italy

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Slaves/Slavery

• In Africa, some criminals became slaves, but
  could earn their freedom
• Most children were free