The Crusades

1
The Crusades

• Chapter 14.1

2
Overview

• The Crusades begin in 1096
• There are a total of seven crusades plus the
  childrens crusade
• A Holy war between the Christians and Muslims

3
The Christian Church

• Simony-Positions in the Church were sold by
  bishops
• Church was reformed under Leo IX and under
  Gregory VII
• Development of Canon Law (The law of the Church
• Curia-The Court of the Church

4
Christian Church Contd

• Tithes-Collection of taxes from the church
• 10 of a Christians income
• Increased the power of the Church and especially
  the power of the Pope

5
St. Frances of Assisi

• The son of a rich merchant
• Preached throughout the poor cities of Europe
• Founded the Franciscan Friars
• Believed that all creatures were spiritual

6
Women in the Church

• 1212-Founding of the Poor Clares
• Founded by Frances of Assisi and Clare
• Lived in poverty and worked for the poor and sick
• Convents

7
Architecture

• Romanesque-Arches, pillars, tiny windows, thick
  walls (800-1100)
• Gothic-huge stained glass windows, much more
  ahh-ahh-ahh, less ohh-ohh-ohh

8
1st Crusade

• 1096-1099
• Alexius I of Constantinople (a Christian)
• Which becomes Istanbul
• Feared that the Muslims would conquer Byzantium
• Called on Pope Urban II to wage a war against the
  Muslims
• "Christians, hasten to help your brothers in the
  East, for they are being attacked. Arm for the
  rescue of Jerusalem under your captain Christ.
  Wear his cross as your badge. If you are killed
  your sins will be pardoned."

9
Christians Succeed

• In 1099 the Christians began their attack on
  Jerusalem
• Within the year they had gained control of the
  city and won the 1st Crusade

10
2nd Crusade

• 1147-1149
• Cause 1144 the city of Edessa fell to the
  Muslims
• French King Louis VII and German King Conrad III
  participated in the 2nd Crusade
• A complete failure for the Christians

11
3rd Crusade

• 1190-1192
• Philip Augustus (French)
• Argued with Richard and went home
• Frederick Barbarossa (German)
• Drown in 1190
• Richard the Lionhearted (British)
• Gained the name Lionhearted at the Battle of Acre
• Saladin (Muslim)
• Known as a brave fighter who was able to unite
  the divided Muslim people to fight for Jerusalem

12
3rd Crusade Contd

• Richard attempted to capture the city from the
  Muslims
• By 1192 the fighting had become too much for both
  sides and they called a truce
• Saladin will die 6 months later
• Richard will die in 1199 from a wound inflicted
  by the French

13
4th Crusade

• 1198
• Pope Innocent III
• Knights ended up looting Constantinople and never
  made it to Jerusalem
• Effectively split the church between the east
  (Constantinople) and west (Rome)

14
Children's Crusade

• Children's Crusade(1212) unsuccessful Led by
  a French boy named Stephen most of the children
  died of starvation or were sold into slavery

15
5th, 6th and 7th Crusades

• Completely ineffective
• No territory was gained
• Christians were tired of the church calling since
  Constantinople was no longer a part of the
  western church

16
SummaryWhat were some of the long-term effects
of the Crusades?
17
Long Term Effect 1

• Interaction between Western Europe and Muslims in
  Middle East- Cultural Diffusion

18
Long Term effect 2

• Increased trade between Europe and Middle East

19
Long Term Effect 3

• Italians act as middlemen in the trade between W.
  Europe and Middle East- they become wealthy-
  leads to renaissance

20
Long Term Effect 4

• Legacy (long term effect) of distrust and hatred
  between Christians, Jews and Muslims

21
Long Term Effect 5

• Growth of towns and cities along crusader routes
  weakening of feudal system

22
So..Were the Crusades Successful?