Crusades

1
Crusades

• Review study your packet and the sheet we are
  completing today
• Listing goals and contributing factors

2
What are the four contributing factors of the
Crusades

• 1. Feudalism
• 2. Chivalry
• 3. Religious idealism
• 4. Weakening of the Byzantine empire

3
What is a crusade?

• Military expedition

4
What territory was taken by the Seljuk Turks,
which prompted the first Crusade?

• Holy Land / Jerusalem

5
From which city did the Pope preach for the 1st
Crusade

• Clermont, So. France

6
What Pope called for the first Crusade?

• Pope Urban II

7
Who actually sent the pope a letter asking him to
call a crusade?

• Alexius the Byzantine Emperor

8
Why did the Byzantine Emperor ask for the popes
help?

• To fight the Seljuk Turks (Muslims)

9
What did the Crusaders shout?

• God Wills It!

10
What did the Pope say the Crusaders should be
marked with and shout?

• Crusiata God Wills It!

11
What were the popes goals for calling a crusade?

1. Show power/strength to call a crusade
2. Conquer the Holy Land
3. Reunite the Byzantine and Roman Catholic churches
   under his leadership
4. Stop Christians from killing Christians by giving
   them a real enemy to fight the infidel Saracens
5. Unite Byzantines under the popes banner

12
What were a Knights goals?

1. Religious zeal God Wills It
2. Win glory in battle
3. Win wealth
4. Excitement of new lands
5. Business opportunities
6. All sins forgiven if you die

13
What were the merchants goals?

• Win control of key trade routes
• Gain wealth

14
The goals of Popes and Knights

• According to the pope Christ demanded this
  Crusade
• All who died on the Crusade would have immediate
  remission of sins
• The popes point too many Christians were
  fighting Christians The pope suggested they
  should fight infidels

15
One result of the Crusades was the rise of royal
power. What caused it?

• Decline in the number of nobles and their loss of
  economic power due to financing their crusades

16
How did religious intolerance increase?
Hostility between Muslims and Christians
continued
What group of people will continue to be
scapegoats even after the Crusades ended?

• Jews

17
Which three religions regard Jerusalem and
Palestine as holy?

• Islam/Muslim
• Judaism/Jews
• Christianity/Christians

18
Which of these three groups will continue to
control the Holy Land

• Muslims / Islam

19
At first their leadership was strengthened but
the failure of the Crusades will lead to a
decline of their power?

• Popes

20
How did the Crusades cause a decline in the power
and prestige of the Byzantine Empire

• 4th Crusade led to the sack of Constantinople
• They regained their independence but not their
  power and prestige

21
What area/country became a commercial trading
center because of the Crusades?

• Italy

22
What did the Italians often do to the later
Crusades so their trade would not be disrupted?

• Sabotaged them

23
First Crusade

• Called by Pope Urban II after receiving as letter
  from Alexius, the Byzantine Emperor
• No Kings excommunicated
• Nobles went
• Long Journey to the Holy Land
• Battle won them Jerusalem
• Set up a Crusader kingdom using feudalism
• Only Successful Crusade

24
Peasant Crusade

• Leaders Peter the Hermit and Walter the
  Penniless
• Part of the First Crusade
• Unruly group of Crusaders killed Jews and
  attacked towns on their way to Constantinople
• Never reached the Holy Land
• Unsuccessful

25
Second Crusade

• Leaders Louis VII of France whose wife Eleanor
  of Aquataine joined him
• Conrad III, Holy Roman Emperor
• The leaders fought separately and were always
  quarreling
• Unsuccessful

26
Third Crusade

• Leaders Richard I the Lion Hearted of England -
  most successful European leader of this crusade
  (the only one who actually fought), kidnapped and
  held for ransom on his way home.
• Philip II Augustus of France fell ill and
  returned to France
• Frederick I Barbarossa the Holy Roman Emperor
  drowns on his way to the Holy Land
• Saladin, Saracen (Muslim) leader
• This Crusade of three kings ended up being fought
  by only 1 king Richard, who negotiated a truce
  allowing Christian pilgrims to visit holy places.
• Jerusalem remained in Muslim Control
  (unsuccessful)

27
Fourth Crusade

• Called by Pope Innocent III
• French knights were transported by the Venetians
• Crusaders never made it to the Holy Land
• They attacked two Christian cities, Zara and
  Constantinople
• Unsuccessful

28
Childrens Crusade

• Leaders Stephen of France and Nicholas of
  Germany
• These Crusaders met many nasty fates. Some
  drown, some were eaten by wolves, and others were
  sold into slavery
• Unsuccessful

29
Sixth Crusade

• Called by Pope Gregory IX
• Lead by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
• Leader spoke Arabic and negotiated a peace
  settlement transferring Jerusalem to the
  Christians without shedding any blood
• Pope refused to recognize the treaty since
  Frederick II was under excommunication for not
  going on the 5th Crusade
• Unsuccessful

30
Seventh and Eighth Crusades

• Leader Louis IX (St. Louis of France)
• Louis leads both Crusades
• Crusades aimed at Egypt / North Africa
• Captured and held until ransom is paid
• Never makes it to the Holy Land
• Unsuccessful