Catholicism Reformed and Reorganized

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Section 2.10

• Catholicism Reformed and Reorganized

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Council of Trent (1545-63)

• Main Resolutions
• Rejected faith alone dogma
• Bible (Vulgate), Church tradition law all
  sources of authority
• Reaffirmed 7 sacraments, Latin, purgatory, cult
  of saints and Virgin, celibacy, monastic life
• Condemned abuses
• Called for more educated clergy
• Called for more religious art (Baroque developed)
• Created Index of Prohibited Books
• Reaffirmed absolute Papal authority

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Spiritual Exercises Ignatius Loyola.
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The Society of Jesus

• Known as the Jesuits (1534)
• spiritual soldiers of Counter Reformation
• Founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556)
• Absolute obedience to pope
• Rigorous theological training
• Politically influential
• Founded universities and schools
• Carried Catholic message abroad
• Preserved Catholicism in Germany, Eastern Europe
• Utilized Inquisition in Italy and Spain to
  suppress heresy

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Saint Teresa of Ávila (1515-1582)

• Reformer of Carmelite order
• Called for a more educated clergy
• Father was wealthy New Christian
• Carmelite had been order noted for corruption
• Wealthy of Avila sent daughters
• Status symbol
• Had mystical experience in her 30s
• Said she was stabbed by an angel that left her
  feeling love for God
• Called for order to live in poverty, work for
  their own food
• Keep strict enclosure (no visitors)
• No class distinctions
• purity of blood racism in Spanish society
  rejected
• Obedience to the Pope
• Writings earned her title Doctor of Church

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Spiritual Exercises by Ignatius Loyola

• In what sense are these rules intended as a
  rebuttal of Protestant theology? Be specific.
• What are the religious underpinnings of Rule 13?