Catholicism Reformed and Reorganized

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Section 2.10

• Catholicism Reformed and Reorganized

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Catholic/Counter Reformation

• Charles V wants a councilor movement
• Checkmated by Francis I
• Fear of Hapsburg power (Universal Monarchy)
• France
• encourages Protestant princes
• discourages Pope from negotiating with
  Protestants
• Keeping Germany separated becomes characteristic
  of French foreign policy until 1870s

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Council of Trent (1545-63)

• Initiated by Paul III (1543-1549)
• Not well attended
• Main Resolutions
• Rejected faith alone dogma
• reaffirmed that both faith and good works
  necessary for salvation
• Bible (Vulgate), Church tradition law all
  sources of authority
• Reaffirmed 7 sacraments, Latin, purgatory, cult
  of saints and Virgin, celibacy, monastic life
• Condemned abuses
• Called for more educated clergy
• Called for more religious art (Baroque developed)
• Created Index of Prohibited Books
• Erasmus, Galileo, Luther, Calvin
• Reaffirmed absolute Papal authority (1870 Papal
  infallibility declared)

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Spiritual Exercises Ignatius Loyola.
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The Society of Jesus

• Known as the Jesuits (1534)
• The spiritual soldiers of Counter Reformation
• Founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556)
• Military background
• Absolute obedience to pope
• Rigorous theological training
• Politically influential
• Founded universities and schools
• Carried Catholic message abroad
• Preserved Catholicism in Germany, Eastern Europe
• Utilized Inquisition in Italy and Spain to
  suppress heresy

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Spiritual Exercises by Ignatius Loyola

• In what sense are these rules intended as a
  rebuttal of Protestant theology? Be specific.
• What are the religious underpinnings of Rule 13?

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DBQ Tomorrow!!

• On Reformation