The Crusades

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The Crusades
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The Legacy of the Crusades

• Symbolism for Empire
• Symbolism of Muslim defiance of Empire
• Shorthand for religious imperialism

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Chris Collingwood, Richard I
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Francesco Mantania
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Bush Crusade
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Origins

• Emperor Alexius I Comnenus
• Turks? Union? Christian Fraternity?
• Redirection of Violence
• Peace and Truce of God
• Destruction of the Holy Sepulchre
• Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim in 1009
• Jerusalem, or the Holy Land

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The First Crusade

• Pope Urban II
• Clermont November 1095
• Pilgrimage and Holy War
• Indulgence
• Deus vult! God wills it!

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The Course of the Crusade First Wave

• Peter the Hermit
• The Peoples Crusade
• Persecution of the Jews in France and the
  Rhineland.
• Destroyed by the Turks at Nicaea in October 1096.

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15th century illuminated manuscript of Matthew
Paris chronicle
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The Course of the Crusade Second Wave

• Byzantine territory
• Across the Bosporus
• Anatolia
• Nicaea June 1097
• Hunger and desperation
• Edessa March 1098
• Antioch March - June 1098
• The Holy Lance and religious zeal Peter
  Bartholomew
• Death of Papal Legate
• Jerusalem July 1099

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Results of First Crusade

• Setting up the Crusader States colonialism?
• Bohemond of Otranto in Antioch
• Baldwin of Boulogne in Edessa
• Raymond of Toulouse in Tripoli
• Electing a King of Jerusalem
• Godfrey of Bouillon
• Protector of the Holy Sepulchre (1099-1100)
• Baldwin of Boulogne
• Became King Baldwin I of Jerusalem (1100-1118)