Korban dan Sistem Peradilan Pidana

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Korban dan Sistem Peradilan Pidana

• Kuliah 13

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Korban kejahatan adalahthe neglected player in
the justice system

• Ironis, apabila kita ingat
• Segi Empat Kejahatan

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Evidences that victims had been neglected by the
criminal justice system

• No victims right to be awarded compensation from
  the offender
• No victims right to state compensation for
  victims of criminal violence
• No victims right to keep in touch with the
  progress of the case
• No victims right to call upon emotional and
  practical standardized support in the period
  following the offense
• No victims right to be kept informed and to be
  treated with respect and sympathy by law
  enforcement agents during the investigation
  process
• No victims right to be treated with respect and
  understanding before and during court proceedings
• No victims right to be consulted on the decision
  whether or not to prosecute, on the bail-custody
  decision, on the acceptance of a plea, on
  sentence and on parole release.
• Andrew Ashworth, 1993

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Robert Reiff, 1979, The Invisible Victim The
Criminal Justice Systems Forgotten
Responsibility, New York Basic Books

• The worst thing about becoming a victim is what
  happens after the crime. Once you become a victim
  you are propelled into a series of post-crime
  victimization. The traumatic effects of a violent
  crime are multiplied by neglect, lack of
  immediate remedial resources, and the failure of
  such support systems as the courts, the police,
  the legal profession and for the poor, the
  health welfare, and other human service agencies
  as well.

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McDonald, 1976 16

• Elaborate and costly physical structures have
  been built to house criminals and promote their
  behavioral improvementMillions of dollar of
  research have been devoted to determining what
  happens when the criminal justice system touches
  the lives of individuals who become defendants.
  In comparison, virtually nothing has been done on
  what happens to the other group of citizens
  touched by the criminal justice system, namely,
  the victims

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KUHAP dan perlindungan korban

• Porsinya sangat sedikit. Pencantumannya pun
  terutama dimaksudkan untuk melindungi hak azasi
  tersangka. Yakni, apabila bukti untuk menuntut
  seseorang tidak cukup, sehingga penyidikan atau
  penuntutan dihentikan begitu saja. Dalam rangka
  membersihkan namanya, tersangka dapat mengajukan
  perkara pra-peradilan atas tindakan penyidik.
• (Muchtar Pakpahan, Forum Keadilan no. 10)

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Cara kerja SPP yang mirip wind tunnel atau
terowongan angin (menyedot banyak kasus,
mengeluarkan sedikit tersangka), memang
menjadikan banyak victim by essence (korban
yang memang benar-benar korban),
tetapi ternyata bukan victim by law (korban
menurut hukum)
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Kerugian akibat tidak sensitif pada korban

• Korban tidak melapor, dark number tinggi
• Korban melapor tetapi enggan bekerjasama
• Perspektif dan sudut pandang korban tidak
  tereksplorasi, kasus lebih sulit terungkap atau
  terungkap tidak sempurna
• Citra simpatik pada SPP, khususnya kepolisian,
  tidak terbentuk karena korban tidak merasa
  dihargai atau terurus