The Crusades

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The Crusades

• By
• Marco Storchi, Maureen Chudnovsky and Mariano
  Tortorelli

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MENU
What are The Crusades?
First Crusade (1095-1099)
Childrens Crusade (1212)
Eighth Crusade (1270)
Third Crusade (1187-1192)
Sixth Crusade (1228-1229)
Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)
Seventh Crusade (1248-1254)
Second Crusade (1147-1149)
Fifth Crusade (1217-1221)
Ninth Crusade (1271-1272)
Web Sites
PICTURES
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What are the Crusades?
The Crusades were a series of military conflicts
of a religious character waged by much of
Christian Europe during 10951291, most of which
were sanctioned by the Pope in the name of
Christendom. The Crusades originally had the goal
of recapturing Jerusalem and the sacred "Holy
Land" from Muslim rule.
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The First Crusade(1095-1099)

• At a meeting held in Clermont, France, Pope Urban
  II called
• for a crusade (holy war) to recapture the Holy
  Land from
• the MuslimS.

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The Second Crusade(1147-1149)

• After a period of relative peace in which
  Christians and
• Muslims co- existed in the Holy Land. French and
  South
• German armies marched to Jerusalem in 1147 but
  failed to
• win any major victories. In the Holy Land by
  1150, both
• kings returned to their countries without any
  result.

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The Third Crusade(1187-1192)

• In 1187, Saladin, recaptured Jerusalem. Pope
  Gregory VIII
• called for a crusade, which was led by Philip II
  of France,
• Richard I of England and Frederick I. Richard
  did not
• believe he would be able to hold Jerusalem
  because
• Frederick had drowned and Philip had left.
  Richard left
• the following year after establishing a truce
  with
• Saladin.

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The Fourth Crusade(1202-1204)

• It was initiated in 1202 by Pope Innocent III,
  with the
• intention of invading the Holy Land through
  Egypt. After a
• series of misunderstandings and outbreaks of
  violence, the
• crusaders sacked the city in 1204.

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The Childrens Crusade(1212)

• It took place in 1212. The leader of the French
  army,
• Stephen, led 30,000 children. The leader of the
  German
• army, Nicholas, led 7,000 children. None of the
  children
• actually reached the Holy Land.

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The Fifth Crusade(1217-1221)

• It took place in 1217 , and was led by Andrew II
  of Hungary
• And Leopold VI of Austria. They captured the city
  of
• Damietta, but could not hold it for long. Leopold
  and
• Andrew were offered control of Jerusalem and
  other
• Christian sites in the Holy Land in exchange for
  the return
• Of Damietta to Muslim control. But Cardinal
  Pelagius
• refused the offer.

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The Sixth Crusade(1228-1229)

• It was started by Pope Gregory IX. He nonetheless
  set sail
• From Brindisi, landed in Palestine, and through
  diplomacy
• he achieved unexpected success Jerusalem,
  Nazareth, and
• Bethlehem were delivered to the crusaders for a
  period of
• ten years.

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The Seventh Crusade(1248-1254)

• Louis IX of France organized a crusade against
  Egypt from
• 1248 to 1254. It was a failure, and Louis spent
  much of the
• crusade living at the court of the crusader
  kingdom in
• Acre. In the midst of this crusade was the first
  Shepherds
• Crusade in 1251.

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The Eighth Crusade(1270)

• It was started again by Louis IX in 1270. The
  crusade was
• diverted to Tunis, where Louis spent only two
  months before
• dying.

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The Ninth Crusade(1271-1272)

• The Ninth Crusade was Led by King Edward I of
  England in
• 1271. It was an attempt to defeat the Mamluk
  sultan of
• Baibers. The crusade failed, and Edward returned
  home to
• England upon learning of the death of his father,
  Henry III.

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Pictures
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Web Sites

• www.google.com
• www.wikipedia.org

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The End
Thanks! Moru, Marco and Mario