Animal Kingdom

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Animal Kingdom Pt 3

• Dr. James Whitfield

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Phylum - Arthropoda

• The phylum arthropoda is the largest of all the
  animal phyla, it includes the insects, arachnids,
  myriapods, and crustaceans.

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Phylum - Arthropoda

• Arthropods have organ level organization. The are
  bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic,
  segmented, coelomate animals

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Phylum - Arthropoda

• Arthropods have organ level organization. The are
  bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic,
  segmented, coelomate animals
• Arthropods are covered by a chitinous exoskeleton
  (Chitin is a long chain polymer of glucose
  similar to cellulose)

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Phylum - Arthropoda

• Arthropods have organ level organization. The are
  bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic,
  segmented, coelomate animals
• Arthropods are covered by a chitinous exoskeleton
  (Chitin is a long chain polymer of glucose
  similar to cellulose)
• The body consists of a head, thorax and abdomen,
  with a series of jointed appendages

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Phylum - Arthropoda

• Arthropods have varied respiratory systems which
  include gills (found in shrimp), book gills
  (found in horseshoe crabs), book lungs (found in
  arachnids) or a tracheal system found in insects

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Phylum - Arthropoda

• Arthropods have sensory organs that include,
  antennae, simple and compound eyes and organs of
  balance called statocytes

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Phylum - Arthropoda

• Arthropods have sensory organs that include,
  antennae, simple and compound eyes and organs of
  balance called statocytes
• The statocyst consists of a sac-like structure
  containing a mineralised mass (statolith) and
  numerous innervated sensory hairs (setae). The
  statolith's inertia causes it to push against the
  setae when the animal accelerates. Deflection of
  setae by the statolith in response to gravity
  activates neurons, providing feedback to the
  animal on change in orientation and allowing
  balance to be maintained.

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Phylum - Arthropoda
Setae
Statolith
Statocyte
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Phylum - Arthropoda

• Arthropods contain malphigian tubules for
  excretion. Malphigian tubules are found in the
  posterior end of the alimentary canal. They
  filter material from the hemocoel and transfer it
  into the digestive system for removsl

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Phylum - Arthropoda

• Most arthropods are oviparous this means they
  lay eggs with no internal development.
  Fertilization however is internal
• Compare this to mammals that are vivaporous
  meaning the embryo develops inside the mother

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Economic Importance

• It is impossible to underestimate the economic
  importance of arthropods, whether it is a fishing
  industry supplying crustaceans to World markets,
  or insects pollinating crops throughout the
  World, or bees producing honey and wax, and
  silkworms producing silk, or the morbidity and
  mortality caused by vectors such as ticks and
  mosquitos, the World would be a much different
  place without them
• Colony Collapse Disorder in the United States

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More likely that not attribution to Einstein is
apocryphal
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Phylum - Molluska

• The phylum Molluska is the second largest of the
  animal phylum

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Phylum - Molluska

• The phylum Molluska is the second largest of the
  animal phylum
• Mollusks are both terrestrial and marine

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Phylum - Molluska

• The phylum Molluska is the second largest of the
  animal phylum
• Mollusks are both terrestrial and marine
• Mollusks have organ level organization, they have
  bilateral symmetry. They are triploblastic,
  coelomate animals

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Phylum - Molluska

• The phylum Molluska is the second largest of the
  animal phylum
• Mollusks are both terrestrial and marine
• Mollusks have organ level organization, they have
  bilateral symmetry. They are triploblastic,
  coelomate animals
• The body of mollusks is covered with a calcium
  shell and is unsegmented

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Phylum - Molluska

• Mollusks have a head, a muscular foot and a
  visceral hump (the visceral hump holds the bulk
  of the digestive, reproductive, excretory, and
  respiratory systems. A significant part of the
  visceral hump consists of the mantle)
• The space between the hump and the mantle (the
  mantle cavity) contains the respiratory and
  excretory functions

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Phylum - Molluska

• The mouth contains a file-like rasping organ
  called a radula composed of rows of tiny teeth
  used for scraping and drawing into the mouth

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Phylum - Molluska

• The mouth contains a file-like rasping organ
  called a radula composed of rows of tiny teeth
  used for scraping and drawing into the mouth
• Mollusks are diocious and oviparous

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Phylum - Echinodermata

• Echinodermata have a endoskeleton composed of
  calcified ossicles hence the name which means
  spiny bodied

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Phylum - Echinodermata

• Echinodermata have a endoskeleton composed of
  calcified ossicles hence the name which means
  spiny bodied
• All echinoderms are marine with an organ level
  system of organization, they are bilaterally
  symmetrical, triploblastic, coelomate animals
  with a complete digestive system

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Phylum - Echinodermata

• The most distinctive feature of echinoderms is
  the water vascular system which helps with
  locomotion, capture and transport of food and
  respiration

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Phylum - Echinodermata

• Echinoderms are diocious, reproduction is sexual
  with external fertilization

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Phylum - Hemichordata

• Formally a subphylum of Chordata however it is
  now considered its own phylum

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Phylum - Hemichordata

• Formally a subphylum of Chordata however it is
  now considered its own phylum
• This phylum consists of a small group of
  worm-like marine organisms that exhibit bilateral
  symmetry, are triploblastic coelomates

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Phylum - Hemichordata

• Formally a subphylum of Chordata however it is
  now considered its own phylum
• This phylum consists of a small group of
  worm-like marine organisms that exhibit bilateral
  symmetry, are triploblastic coelomates
• There body is shaped like a cylinder with an
  anterior proboscis, a collar and a long trunk

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Phylum - Hemichordata

• Hemichordates are exceptionally important because
  they are an evolutionary link between the
  invertebrates and the vertebrates. They contain
  gill slits like vertebrates, with a notochord in
  the upper body but no nerve chord

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