Animal Kingdom

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ANIMAL

• KINGDOM

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CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL ANIMALS

• They are made of cells, which form tissues, which
  form organs which form organ systems.
• They obtain food by eating other organisms
  (herbivores, carnivores or omnivores).
• Most animals reproduce sexually but some can
  reproduce asexually.

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Types of food eaters
Herbivore They are plant eater
Omnivore They eat plants and meat
Carnivore They are meat eater
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Division of animals
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Types of symmetry

• Animals have bilateral symmetry (1 line that can
  divide the animal into 2 identical parts)
• or radial symmetry
• ( many lines that can divide the animal into
  equal parts).

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Animal Symmetry
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Porifera

• Simplest form of animal
• No tissues or organs
• heterotrophic cells that have specialized jobs
• Bodies pierced all over with openings called
  pores

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How do Sponges eat breathe?

• Collar cells on the inside of central cavity trap
  bacteria protists digest them.
• Sponges get O2 by diffusion.

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• Soft bodies have network of spikes.
• Made of tough material, but food for some types
  of fish.
• Can reproduce asexually (budding) and sexually.
  Fertilized eggs go through a larvae stage.

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Phylum coelenterata

• Carnivores use stinging cells to capture prey
  defend selves.
• Specialized tissues - no organs.
• Radial symmetry

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2 body types polyp (like a vase with a mouth
opening at the top) and medusa (bowl shaped).
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Digestion

• Capture prey using stinging cells to inject venom
  - paralyzes prey
• Pull prey into mouth, digest in body cavity
  digestive system 1 opening - expel food from
  mouths also.

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Phylum Ctenophora (Comb Bearers)

• Defining Characteristics
• Plates of fused cilia arranged in rows
• Adhesive prey capturing cells (colloblasts)
• Comb jellies are delicate, transparent,
  non-stinging predators

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Ctenophora Structure

• Similar in structure to Cnidaria medusa
• Poorly studied due to fragile nature

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Digestion

• Feed on plankton, other ctenophores and other
  Cnidarian jellies
• Gut extends through the entire body mouth is at
  the oral end
• Anal pore is at the aboral end

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Ctenophore diversity

• Most species live in the open ocean and are not
  well studied
• New studies use submersibles and divers to
  collect specimens, eliminating specimen
  destruction by fast towed nets
• Phylum Ctenophora
• Order Lobata
• Order Beroida

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PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES
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Phylum Platyhelminthes

• The flatworms
• They are triploblastic and have bilateral
  symmetry
• no body cavity (acoelomate)
• These animals are the first to exhibit a head.
• Many flatworms are parasites of chordates (fish,
  reptiles, mammals, etc..) These are the tapeworms
  and flukes

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The worms in this phylum are all very thin and
flat, like this parasitic liver fluke.
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All flatworms, including this planarian, have
bilateral symmetry.
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Flatworms are the first animals to have a head.
Note the hooks and suckers on the head of this
tapeworm.
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PHYLUM NEMATODARoundworms
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Nematodes are not segmented their body surfaces
appear smooth.
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Many nematodes are parasites, such as this pork
worm named Trichinella.
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Nematodes have a complete digestive tract, with a
mouth at one end where food enters, and an
opening at the other end where wastes exit.
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PHYLUM MOLLUSCAClams, snails, squid, octopus
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Most mollusks have a hard shell covering their
soft bodies.
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Clams have a wedge-shaped muscular foot used for
locomotion.
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Mollusks breathe by means of gills.
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Not all mollusks have shells. This squid does not.
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This octopus does not have a shell either, but it
is still a mollusk.
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PHYLUM ANNELIDAEarthworms, sandworms, leeches
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Annelids have bodies that are segmented (divided
into sections).
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Annelids have a circulatory system to pump blood.
This earthworm has 5 hearts!
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• Annelids worms have a body cavity called a
  coelom which provides room for organ development.

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PHYLUM ARTHROPODACrayfish, lobsters, crabs,
insects, spiders
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All arthropods, including this tick, have
jointed legs.
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Arthropods have a crunchy shell called an
exoskeleton.
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Arthropods have very well-developed sense organs.
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PHYLUM ECHINODERMATAStarfish, sand dollars, sea
urchins
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Echinoderms have spiny (prickly) skin.
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Adult echinoderms have radial symmetry.
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The bottom of this starfish is covered with tube
feet for locomotion.
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Phylum Hemichordata

• Defining characteristics
• A conspicuous dorsal extension of the pharynx
  forms an anterior buccal tube or stomochord

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Body Structure

• Body is divided into three parts Proboscis,
  collar, and trunk
• The anterior end is a muscular, extensible
  proboscis used to burrow and collect food
• A slender stalk supported by cartilage skeleton
  joins proboscis to collar
• The trunk is behind the collar and has many pairs
  of small external gills slits through which water
  exits
• Mouth is located at the proboscis collar
  junction, which directly leads into a pharynx

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Body Structure
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Feeding
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PHYLUM CHORDATAFish, amphibians, reptiles,
birds, mammals
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( vertebrates with spinal cords)

1. Circulatory system

1. Closed (veins and arteries)
2. Multi chambered heart

• Digestive System
• Complete system with specialized organs

C. Respiratory System
1. Lungs on land
2. Gills in most cases in water
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Lets take a look at 7 classes of vertebrates
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Phylum Chordata can be subdivided into 7
classesAGNATHACHONDRICHTHYESOSTEICHTHYESAMPH
IBIAREPTILIAAVESMAMMALIA
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Phylum Chordata cont.
1. Class Cyclostomata
a. Cold blooded
b. Cartilage skeleton
c. No true Jaws
d. Example The lamprey
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Phylum Chordata cont
2. Class Chondrichthyes
a. Cold blooded
b. Sharp teeth
c. Cartilage skeleton
d. Example sharks, rays, skates
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Phylum Chordata cont
3. Class Osteichthyes
1. Cold blooded
2. Bone skeleton
3. Two chambered heart
4. Scales
5. Example perch, bass
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Phylum Chordata cont
4. Class amphibia
a. Live in water and on land
b. Smooth moist skin ( exceptions toads)
c. Cold blooded
d. Breathe through gills as babies
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4. Class amphibia cont.
e. Breathe through lungs and skin as adults
f. Lay eggs in water
g. Three chambered heart
h. Metamorphisms (tadple to frog)
i. Examples newts, salamanders, frogs and toads
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Phylum Chordata
5. Class Reptilia
a. Cold blooded
b. scales
c. Lay eggs on land
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Phylum Chordata
5. Class Reptilia cont.
d. Incomplete four chambered heart
e. Breath with lungs from birth
f. Example snakes, lizards, turtles
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Phylum Chordata
6. Class Aves The birds
a. Warm blooded
b. Complete four chambered heart
c. Streamlined (aerodynamic) body
d. Feathers
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Phylum Chordata
6. Class Aves The birds cont.
e. Lay eggs on land
f. Light weight skeleton
g. Examples Eagles, Seagulls, Turkeys
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Phylum Chordata
7. Class Mammalia
a. Warm blooded

• Live birth (placentals)
• Placenta- nourishes baby while
  developing in mom

b. Hair
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Phylum Chordata
7. Class Mammalia cont.
d. Mammary glands

• produce milk
• - nurse young

e. Two pairs of limbs
f. High functioning brain and sense organs
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Made by-

• Anurag Verma

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Thankyou

• Hope you like it