Overview of the Animal Kingdom

1
Overview of the Animal Kingdom
2
Animals are

• Multicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Heterotrophic
• Cells lack cell walls

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There are 9 Major Phyla

1. Porifera Sponges
2. Cnidaria Corals and Jellyfish
3. Platyhelminthes Flatworms
4. Nematoda Roundworms
5. Annelida Earthworms
6. Mollusca Clams and Octopus
7. Arthropoda Insects, Spiders, and Crabs
8. Echinodermata Starfish and Sea Urchins
9. Chordata Vertebrates including Mammals

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Porifera

• Simple animals
• Sessile- Live anchored to a rock or the ocean
  bottom
• Marine or freshwater
• Filter-feeders
• NO Symmetry-Asymetrical!
• Lack tissues or organ system

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Cnidaria

• Named for their stinging cells
• Marine or freshwater
• Carnivorous- eat meat
• Radial symmetry
• Hydrostatic Skeleton
• Jellyfish, hydra, obelia, Portuguese man-of war,
  sea anemone, and corals

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Platyhelminthes

• Flattened bodies
• Lack an anus
• Bilateral symmetry
• Simplest animals to exhibit cephalization
• Flatworms, flukes, and tapeworms

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Nematoda

• Free living in soil or water with many parasitic
  forms
• Bilateral symmetry
• Most have a digestive tract with two openings
• Hookworms, pinworms, ascaris, and trichinosis worm

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Annelida

• Segmented worms
• Setae for locomotion
• Bilateral symmetry
• Closed circulatory system
• Clamworms, earthworms, leeches

9
Mollusca

• Soft bodied organisms often covered with a
  calcareous shell
• Bilateral symmetry
• Most have a ventral muscular foot for locomotion
• Chitons, snails, limpets, clams, octopus, and
  squid

10
Arthropoda

• Body is composed of a head, thorax, and abdomen
  with three or more pairs of joined legs
• Chitinous exoskeleton
• Molt- to grow larger
• Bilateral symmetry
• Shrimp, crabs, barnacles, insects, centipedes,
  millipedes, spiders, ticks, horseshoe crabs, and
  crayfish

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Echinodermata

• Radial symmetry
• Calcareous plates often with external spines
• Water vascular system with tube feet for
  locomotion
• Sea lilies, starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins,
  sand dollars, and sea cucumbers

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Chordata

• Notocord for support of the body at some stage of
  development
• Dorsal, tubular nerve cord
• Tunicate, lancelets, and vertebrates

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Chordata Class Osteichthyes

• Bony fishes
• Specialized structures and behaviors to maintain
  homeostasis with regard to water balance
• Some have swim bladders for
• buoyancy

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Chordata Class Chondrichthyes

• Cartilagenous fishes
• Specialized structures and behaviors to maintain
  homeostasis with regard to water balance
• Some have oil in liver for buoyancy

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Chordata Class Amphibia

• Amphibians
• Most live in water as a larva and on land as an
  adult
• Moist skin
• Ectotherms
• Frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians

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Chordata Class Reptilia

• Reptiles
• Dry, scaly skin
• Terrestrial eggs
• Ectotherms
• Lizards, snakes, crocodilians, turtles,
  tortoises, and tuatara

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Chordata Class Aves

• Birds
• Endotherms- warm blooded
• Outer covering of feathers
• Two legs with scales
• Modified front limbs (wings)
• Eagle, cardinal, penguin, duck, etc.

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Chordata Class Mammalia

• Mammals
• Produce milk in mammary glands to feed their
  young
• Breathe air with lungs
• Four-chambered heart
• Endotherms- warm blooded
• Duck billed platypus, marsupials, cows, dogs,
  humans, etc.