B' Major Taxes Leading to War

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• B). Major Taxes Leading to War
• 1). Stamp Act - 1765
• Grenville Plan
• Direct vs. Indirect Taxes
• Virginia Resolves / Stamp Act Congress
• Virtual Representation
• Sons of Liberty and Boycotts
• 1765 Repeal the 1766 Declaratory Act
• 2). Townshend Acts - 1767
• Landed Aristocracy vs. Merchants / Colonists
• Charles Townshend Chancellor Exchequer
• Townshend Plan
• Massachusetts Circular Letter / Boycotts
• Boston Massacre, March 5, 1770

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Townshend Duties Crisis 1767-1770
1767 ? William Pitt, P. M. Charles
Townshend, Secretary of the Exchequer.
Shift from paying taxes for Br. war debts
quartering of troops ? paying col. govt.
salaries.
He diverted revenue collection from
internal to external trade.
Tax these imports ? paper, paint,
lead, glass, tea.
Increase custom officials at American ports
? established a Board of Customs in Boston.
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Exports Imports 1768-1783
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WholesalePriceIndex1770-1789
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Colonial Response to the Townshend Duties
1. John Dickinson ? 1768 Letters from
a Farmer in Pennsylvania.
2. 1768 ? 2nd non-importation
movement Daughters of Liberty
spinning bees
3. Riots against customs agents John
Hancocks ship, the Liberty.
4000 British troops sent to Boston.
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Tea Act (1773)

• British East India Co.
• Monopoly on Br. tea imports.
• Many members of Parl. held shares.
• Permitted the Co. to sell tea directly to cols.
  without col. middlemen (cheaper tea!)
• North expected the cols. to eagerly choose the
  cheaper tea.

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• 3). Intolerable Acts 1774
• 1770-1772 Relative Peace
• Committee of Correspondence
• Gaspee Incident
• Tea Act of 1773 the Tea Party
• Intolerable Acts
• 1). Massachusetts Port Bill
• 2). Massachusetts Government Act
• 3). Administration of Justice Act
• 4). Expansion of Quartering Policies
• 5). The Quebec Act
• 1st Continental Congress, Sept. 1774
• Resolutions
• 1). Colonial Union (Under GB)
• 2). Statement of Grievances
• 3). Repeal all Oppressive Legislation
• 4). Ban on British Commerce

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• C). The Decision for Independence
• 1). 1st Continental Congress
  Lexington/Concorde
• Mindset of the Congress
• Massachusetts in Rebellion
• April 1775 Skirmishes in Concorde and
  Lexington
• 2). 2nd Continental Congress and Bunker Hill
• Philadelphia, May 1775
• Split Opinions and Bunker Hill June 1775
• Major Military Decisions
• Olive Branch Petition July 1775
• Prohibitory Act August 1775
• 3). Common Sense and the Declaration
• Thomas Paine Biography
• Effects of Common Sense (Jan-Jun. 1776)
• Congressional Decision for Independence June
  1776

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Thomas Paine Common Sense
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Declaration of Independence
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Loyalist Strongholds
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• III). The War 1775-1783
• A). Mobilization Colonial Advantages /
  Disadvantages
• 1). Colonial Advantages
• Excellent Leadership
• Home Field
• Foreign Recognition Alliance
• 2). Colonial Disadvantages
• Population Disparity
• Military Disparity
• Tory Population w/in Colonies
• Colonial Currency
• Natives Slaves
• B). Theaters of War
• 1). New England

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• 2). The Mid-Atlantic
• Howes Arrival in NYC, August 1776
• Late 1776 Colonial Failures
• Minor Success _at_ Trenton / Princeton
• British Two-Pronged Strategy of 1777
• Howe from New York
• Burgoyne from Canada
• Significance of the Battle of Saratoga
• Reasons for Howes Failure
• 3). The South
• 1778-1781 British Emphasis on Southern Colonies
• Importance of the Slavery Issue
• Initial British Success
• Savannah December 1778
• Charleston May 1779
• Role of Nathaniel Greene
• George Rogers Clark / Francis Marion
• Defeat of Cornwallis _at_ Yorktown

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American Revolution Southern Battles 1778-1781
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Treaty of Paris, Benjamin West 1783

• C). Outcomes of the Revolution
• 1). Treaty of Paris, 1783
• Adams, Franklin, Jay
• Suspicions toward France
• Major Gains
• 2). Emerging American Government
• Revolutionary State Governments
• Articles of Confederation
• Significance of Shays Rebellion
• 3). Social Changes and the Revolution
• Abolition of Aristocratic Privilege
• Religion
• The Disenfranchised

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State Claims to Western Lands
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Major Land Ordinances of the 1780s
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The United States in 1787
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Shays Rebellion