English Civil War and Glorious Revolution

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English Civil War and Glorious Revolution

• 1603-1689

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Foundations for Democratic Growth

• Jury system-King Henry II (r. 1159-1189)
• Replaced feudal justice with royal courts, grand
  jury investigations, and some jury trials?evolved
  into trial by jury
• Magna Carta-King John (1215)
• Limited royal power
• Set up Great Council (consisted of nobility and
  higher clergy) ?becomes Parliament
• Model Parliament-King Edward I(1295)
• Expanded Great Council to include middle-class
  representatives (goal was to effectively levy
  taxes)
• English Common Law (end of 13th C.)
• Practice of basing decisions on previous cases
• Legal precedents became common law
• Parliamentary Lawmaking (14th C.)
• Threatened to withhold tax laws, compelled
  English monarchs to accept legislation ?from here
  on all laws required approval of both houses of
  Parliament and Monarch

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England Leading up to the Glorious Revolution

• Tudors (1485-1603 Henry VII, Henry VIII, and
  Elizabeth I) Unchecked by Parliament
• Intelligent capable
• Beat Spain (English Navy 1/ Spanish Armada 0)
• Encouraged trade and expansion
• Appeared to consult Parliament, then did what
  they wanted

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Unpopular Monarchs Stuarts

• James I and Charles I Unpopular
• Claimed divine right
• Friendly to Catholic Spain
• Discriminated against Puritans (they believed
  that the Anglicans Church of England were too
  close to the Catholics)
• Taxed Middle class heavily
• Imprisoned without trial (violates Magna Carta)
• Raised without Parliament
• Thus angered Puritans, Middle Class, Parliament

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Parliament issues Petition of Right 1628
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Charles rules without Parliament1629-1640

• Disregards Petition of Right
• 11 years did not convene Parliament
• Illegally raised money
• Imprisoned opponents
• Denied accused a jury and often tortured them to
  force confession
• Demanded Puritans conform to Anglicanism
• Married a Catholic Woman (sister of Louis XIII)

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Bad Times for Charlie

• Charles needed money to suppress a Scottish
  revolt (they had invaded England) in 1640
• Calls Parliament into session
• House of Commons run by Puritans, refused him
  money
• Charles ends Parliament after 3 weeks Short
  Parliament

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Long Parliament

• Desperate for money, Charles is forced to
  re-summon Parliament, they would meet for 20
  years
• Now Parliament had him under their control
• Abolished Charles special courts, required
  Parliament to be called every 3 years, ended
  illegal taxation
• Ireland, still Roman Catholic, rebelled in 1641
  (mad because of English practice of taking Irish
  land and giving it to English settlers)
• A Royalist faction (opposing the Puritans) rises
  in Parliament
• Puritans sent Charles Nineteen Propositions
  that would make Parliament the Supreme power in
  England
• Charles refused to agree
• Charles led troops into Parliament to arrest
  Puritan leaders (they hid and escaped)
• Both sides readied for war

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English Civil War1642-1645

• Roundheads
• Middle Class, Puritans, and small landowners,
  Scots
• Led by ardent Puritan Oliver Cromwell
• These guys win, take Charles I prisoner

• Cavaliers
• Nobility, wealthy landowners, Catholics

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Charles I is Beheaded
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Oliver Cromwell rules England(1649-1658)

• England declared a commonwealth (aka republic)
  state ruled by elected representatives
• Cromwell was Lord Protector
• Suppressed Scottish and Irish rebellions,
  furthered economic prosperity, and was
  anti-Spanish
• Still, Cromwell was not popular
• Dictatorial government, heavy taxes
• Executed Charles I
• Intolerance of Anglicans (way more Anglicans than
  Puritans)
• Severe Puritan moral code no dancing, drinking,
  sports, cursing, theatre, etc very boring.
• Cromwell died in 1658, Puritan rule ended

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Stuarts Rule Again1660-1688

• Parliament asks Charles II (son of Charles I) to
  take throne (known as the Merry Monarch)
• Pledged to follow Magna Carta, Petition of Right,
  respect Parliament
• 1679 Habeas Corpus Act (I have the body)
• Must be told charges
• Released on bail with speedy trial
• US and UK still have this
• James II brother of C II, Catholic
• Tried to dominate Parliament and reestablish
  divine right
• Birth of son aroused fears of permanent Catholic
  rule

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Glorious Revolution1688-1689

• Parliament secretly offers throne to William
  (protestant ruler of Holland) and Mary
  (protestant daughter of James II)
• They arrive in England to take the throne, James
  II flees
• Parliament
• Ended divine right
• Reaffirmed its supremacy over monarch

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English Bill of Rights (1689)

• Monarch may not make laws, levy taxes, or
  maintain army without support of Parliament
• Monarch may not interfere with Parliamentary
  debates or elections
• Parliament must meet frequently
• Monarch must be Anglican
• People guaranteed basic civil liberties
• (serves as a model for US Bill of Rights)

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Further Democratic Gains

• Political Parties Tories (conservative,
  supported royalty and wealthy) and Whigs
  (liberals, supported Parliament and middle class)
• Cabinet (during reign of WM), advisors to
  monarch chosen from majority party in Parliament
• Headed by Prime Minister (gained total power
  during reign of George I, a German who spoke no
  English)

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Summary

• No more divine right
• Parliament supreme
• Political parties
• People guaranteed civil liberties

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Are you a Roundhead or Cavalier?

• Are your hats... a) Like your counterparts' in
  Germany being tall, dark, steeple-brimmed? b)
  Dashing, low-crowned, floppy toppers trimmed with
  an overabundance of ostrich plumes and cocked at
  a jaunty angle?
• Is your collar... a) Plain white and starched,
  drooping modestly over your chest? b) A wide,
  unstarched falling band with a deep edging of
  lace?
• Under your doublet or coat, do you wear... a) A
  heavy leather vest, with hook-and-eye closures to
  protect expensive gold or silver buttons? b) A
  billowing shirt, of fine fabric, with massive
  lacy cuffs draped over your hands?
• Are your breeches... a) Black and baggy, fitted
  about the knee, and fastened with simple buttons?
  b) Gaily-colored, decorated with braid, and
  cuffed at the knee, where they are trimmed with
  ribbons or lace?
• Are your hose and boots... a) Made of rough wool
  and leather, respectively, in utilitarian
  designs? b) Made of fine silk or linen, worn
  with high-heeled bucket-top boots trimmed with
  lace or ruffled boot hose?
• Do you accessorize with... a) A bible, dull
  orange sash, a staff and a turkey, or an apron,
  if you're female? b) A cane, or sword hung from
  a tasseled cord or fringed baldric belt,
  respectively, with a wide richly colored red
  sash, and a single, pearl earring after your
  model, Charles I, removing it on the occasion of
  his beheading?
• Is your hair... a) Short and uncurled if you're
  male, or if you're a woman, entirely concealed in
  a plain serviceable white cap? b) Long and worn
  in gleaming ringlets with a lovelock - an
  extra-long curl with a bow arranged cunningly at
  one side?

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More Quiz

• Are your favorite colors... a) Black, mauve,
  brown, and gray, edged by purest white? b) The
  flashier the better?
• Is your cape... a) Scarlet or black, designed
  for warmth? b) A splash of color, worn over one
  shoulder for an air of drama and mystery?
• Are your clothes trimmed with... a) Nothing -
  lace is a 'temptation of Satan' at most you'll
  risk a little embroidery, but only of Biblical
  quotations? b) The sky's the limit?
• Bonus Question Is your worst fear... a) That
  someone will remark on your appearance? b) That
  no one will notice you?
• Double Bonus Question While in public do you
  appear... a) Stern-faced and scowling, much like
  you are constipated? b) Gay and free, answering
  everyone with "Yes Sweetheart...", and easily
  being distracted by butterflies while giving
  drill commands thus leaving soldiers at 'Charge'
  posture for hours?
• Triple Bonus Question Whenever you can,
  especially at night, do you... a) Stay at home
  and say your appropriate prayers before turning
  in early for a fresh start of a new day,
  especially on Saturday evening so you can attend
  an early mass? b) Head to the nearest tavern,
  often after a large a overly filling meal where
  there was much wastage, grab a tankard of strong
  drink, and while losing yourself in exactly how
  many you put away (usually as long as there is
  money in your purse), dance a jig (and maybe even
  walk through a fire) and sing every song you know
  (twice) until the wee hours of the morning - then
  get up, purge, and be ready to do it all again?

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Scoring

• If you chose 'a' in most cases, you are a
  Puritan, and as such you should be supporting the
  Parliamentarian cause. In addition, you will not
  have fun, but your mode of dress will be
  immortalized by the sculptor Gaudens, and in 350
  years it will be ranked the forty-eighth most
  popular style of dress for Halloween by People
  magazine. If most of your answers were 'b', it
  means that because of Cromwell's final victory in
  1653, it will make you an endangered species,
  which is until the Restoration, where the species
  flourished once again! In addition, for every
  'b' you answered on the bonus questions, you are
  deserving of being an officer, with each 'b'
  chosen meaning that you are very qualified, and
  will probably earn an even higher rank than
  sergeant in the Royalist Army.
• Cavaliers All the Way!!!

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Dailies English Civil War

• 1.Monarch at start of English Civil War and what
  happened to him?
• 2. Who came to power after him? What was his
  nickname?
• 3. Why was the Glorious Revolution glorious?
• 4. Name of document that guarantees civil
  liberties.
• 5. Name of Englands governing body.