Major Events leading to Disunion

1
Major Events leading to Disunion

• Gadsden Purchase 1853
• 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act (repeal of Missouri
  Compromise)
• 1855 Kansas Territory erupted in violence
• 1820 Missouri Compromise invalidated by the Dred
  Scott decision
• 1860 election of Abraham Lincoln for Pres

2
Ch 19 PPT Drifting Toward Disunion 1854-1861
3
Harriet Beecher Stowe

• 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Toms
  Cabin
• Source of antislavery sentiments lay in the
  crusades of 2nd Great Awakening
• Made slavery appear almost as evil as it was,
  showing how family members were separated.
• Lincoln said to her, So youre the little woman
  who wrote the book that made this great war.

4
Hinton R. Helper Views on Slavery

• 1857 Hinton R. Helpers book The Impending
  Crisis of the South.
• He disliked slavery and African Americans.
• Book - banned and burned in the South.
• Believed that non-slaveholding whites suffered
  most from slavery.

5
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Hinton R. Helper
6
TMWK CH 19

• 1. Pg 410 Advertisement List two pieces of
  information you find in the advertisement.
• 2. Pg 412 Give a description of the conflict in
  Kansas between pro-slaveryites and abolitionists

7
North-South Contest for KansasNewcomers to
Kansas

• Northerners Pioneers searching for richer lands.
• Some financed by abolitionists or free soilers
  such as the Emigrant Aid Company which sent 2,000
  people.
• 1855 election for a legislature proslavery
  border ruffians poured into Kansas to vote
  early often this won a victory for slave
  supporters and a govt was set up in Shawnee
  Mission.
• Free Soilers established an illegal govt in
  Topeka.
• 1860 Census found 2 slaves out of 107,000 people
  in Kansas only 15 slaves in Nebraska.
• 1856 proslavery raiders burned part of the
  free-soil town of Lawrence

8
Kansas in Convulsion

• John Brown - Old Brown Dedicated abolitionist
• May 1856 led followers to Pottawatomie Creek -
  murdered 5 pro-slaveryites.
• Retaliation by proslavery forces, thus civil war
  erupted in Kansas,1856.
• 1857 Kansas had enough people to apply for
  statehood with popular sovereignty.
• Proslavery forces wrote up Lecompton Constitution
  If people vote for or against it vote for or
  against slavery.
• Part of constitution protected owners of slaves
  already in Kansas, so no matter what, there would
  still be slavery.
• Many free-soilers upset and boycotted the polls
  so the 1857 constitution was approved with
  slavery.

9
TMWK

• 3. Pg 414 What is being depicted by the political
  cartoonist? Is this for or against slavery?
• 4. Pg 417 Describe the geographic areas that were
  won by the Democrats and the Republicans in the
  1856 election.

10
Bully Brooks Canes Sumner

• Senator Charles Sumner of Mass. (leading
  abolitionist) delivered a speech The Crime
  Against Kansas.
• Condemned proslavery men
• Insulted South Carolina and Senator Andrew Butler
• May 1856 Congressman Preston S. Brooks of
  Carolina pounded Charles Sumner with a cane.
• Brooks resigned and then was re-elected
• North angered by Bully Brooks Tens of
  thousands of Sumners speech were sold.

11
Brooks Beating of Charles Sumner
12
1856 Election

• Democrat Candidate James Buchanan (Lawyer)
• Nickname -Old Buck Buchanan
• Wanted popular sovereignty
• Republican Candidate Captain John C. Fremont
  (pathfinder of the West)
• Against extending slavery to the West.
• Know-Nothing Candidate ex-pres Millard Fillmore
  
• Secret American party organized by nativists
  (old stock Protestants)
• Anti-foreigners and anti-Catholic
• Slogan Americans Must Rule America
• Buchanan wins election.

13
Buchanan wins Election
14
Dred Scott v. Sandford

• Dred Scott sued for his freedom because of his
  long residence on free soil. He had lived with
  his master for 5 years in Illinois and
  Wisconsin Territory.
• Supreme Court under Chief Justice Taney ruled
  Dred Scott was a black slave who was not
  protected by the Constitution and could never be
  a citizen of the U.S.
• Wasnt a citizen, so he couldnt sue the federal
  courts.

15
Dred Scott v. Sandford cont.

• Court ruled that because a slave was property,
  they could be taken into any territory and
  legally held there in slavery.
• Reason 5th Amendment forbade Congress to deprive
  people of their property without due process of
  law.
• 1820 Missouri Compromise had been repealed
  (slavery wasnt banned above 36 30 anymore).
  Now Court ruled the Bill had been
  unconstitutional all along
• Why? Supreme Court determined Congress had no
  power to ban slavery from territories.

16
1857 Financial Crash

• Causes
• California gold helped inflate currency
• Demands of Crimean War over stimulated growing of
  grain
• Over speculation in land and railroads
• 5,000 businesses failed, unemployment, hunger
• North hit hardest while South still had good
  cotton prices
• Congress passed 1860 Homestead Act Public lands
  available for 25 cents/acre, but Pres. Buchanan
  vetoed it.
• Pressure from South Tariff of 1857- lowered duty
  tax.
• Republicans given 2 economic issues for the next
  election in 1860 a protective tariff and farms
  for farmless.

17
1858 Illinois Senatorial Election

• Democrat Senator - Stephen Douglas from Illinois
• Term about to end
• For popular sovereignty
• Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln
• Born in Kentucky - poor parents, self-educated
• Trial lawyer in Illinois
• Had served one term in Congress 1847-1849
• Challenged Douglas to series of debates

18
Great Debates Lincoln vs. Douglas

• 7 debates - Aug to Oct 1858.
• Most famous debate at Freeport, Illinois.
• Lincoln asked What if the people of a territory
  should vote against slavery. The Supreme Court in
  the Dred Scott decision had decreed that they
  couldnt. Who would prevail - the Supreme Court
  or the people?
• Douglass response (AKA Freeport Doctrine)
  aimed toward the people and stated that No
  matter how the Supreme Court ruled, slavery would
  stay down if the people voted it down. Laws to
  protect slavery would have to be passed by the
  legislatures of the territories.
• Douglas defeated Lincoln for Senate seat, but
  Douglas hurt his chances of winning presidency
  (At this time, Senators were chosen by state
  legislatures)

19
(No Transcript)
20
John Brown Murder or Martyr?

• John Browns plan invade south, call slaves to
  rise, give them arms, establish a black, free
  state.
• Oct 1859 - Harpers Ferry seized federal arsenal
  and killed 7 innocent people.
• Slaves didnt rise up in rebellion.
• Brown and followers captured by U.S. Marines. He
  was convicted of murder/treason and was hung.
• Effects
• -Abolitionists/free-soilers angered by his
  execution.
• -Stirred up Souths desire to leave the Union.
  Many in South believed most abolitionists were
  violent and shared Browns views.

21
Democrats Divide at Nominating Conventions

• Democrats Met in Charleston, S. Carolina
  Douglas was leading candidate, but some felt he
  was a traitor they walked out.
• Met again in Baltimore Douglas nominated with a
  platform of popular sovereignty and support for
  Fugitive Slave Law.
• Rival Democratic Convention John C. Breckinridge
  nominated with a platform that favored extension
  of slavery and annexation of Cuba.
• Constitutional Union Party was organized
  nominated John Bell of Tennessee platform -
  believed in the Union, the Constitution, the
  Enforcement of the Laws.

22
Republican Nominating Convention

• Republicans met in Chicago Abraham Lincoln
  nominated
• Republican Platform Non-extension of slavery,
  protective tariff for Northerners, Pacific
  railroad for the Northwest, internal improvements
  at federal expense for the West, free homesteads
  from public lands for the farmers, for immigrants
  no removal of rights.

23
TMWK

• 5. Pg 425 How many electoral votes did Lincoln
  win in the 1860 presidential election? And
  Douglas?
• 6. Pg. 426 Electoral Map Describe the
  geographical area that Lincoln won in the
  presidential election. And Douglas?
• 7. Pg. 427 Map Describe the areas that were most
  against seceding from the United States. Which
  state was the most fervent for secession? How did
  you determine this?

24
1860 Presidential Election

• Virtually 2 elections in North and South.
• Lincoln wasnt even on the ballot in 10 Southern
  states.
• If Democrats didnt split, they might have won
  with better organization and higher enthusiasm.
• Lincoln wins election with only 40 of popular
  vote.
• South still had five-to-four majority in Supreme
  Court.
• Federal govt couldnt touch slavery in those
  states where it existed, except by constitutional
  amendment.

25
Southern States Secede

• S. Carolina legislature votes to secede from the
  Union Dec 1860.
• 6 other states in lower South secede also
  Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia,
  Louisiana, Texas.
• The 7 states met at Montgomery, Alabama and
  created a new govt Confederate States of America
  with Jefferson Davis as Pres.
• Lincoln didnt take office until March 4, 1861.
• Buchanan blamed for not holding the Union
  together by force. (one reason why the small
  standing army was scattered, trying to control
  Indians in the West).

26
TMWK

• 8. Pg 429 Map and paragraph What was the
  Crittenden Compromise?

27
Collapse of Compromise

• Senator James Henry Crittenden of Kentucky
  proposed the Crittenden amendments to the
  Constitution, designed to appease the South.
• Slavery in territories would be allowed south of
  36 30 and given federal protection in those
  territories as well as future territories such as
  Cuba.
• Future states, north or south of 36 30, could
  come into Union w/or without slavery.
• Lincoln rejected the Crittenden plan because he
  opposed the extension of slavery

28
Farewell to Union

• Souths concerns
• Political imbalance against South.
• Threat of losing their rights as slaveholding
  minority.
• Tired of Northern interference Underground
  Railroad, abolitionists (John Browns raid.)
• South believed northern manufacturers and bankers
  depended on Souths cotton and their markets.
• An independent South could develop its own
  banking, shipping and trade with Europe.

29
Act of Secession