Title: The Jefferson/Jackson Era
1The Jefferson/Jackson Era
2V. War of 1812-"Mr. Madison's War"
- A. Causes
- 1. Freedom of the Seas Impressment-Britain
and France were at war. American trading
ships and sailors were caught in the middle. - 2. Embargo Act, 1807-Jefferson cut off trade
with both sides. Very unpopular.
3V. War of 1812-"Mr. Madison's War"
- B. James Madison becomes President-1808
- -Trouble with the Indians- Tecumsah organized
Indians to defend their lands. This, along with
the ongoing trading problems led to a large group
of war supporters called War Hawks. - -Madison declares war on the British.
4V. War of 1812-"Mr. Madison's War"
- C. Actions-Americans invaded Canada, the British
attacked and burned Washington, D.C. -
- Andrew Jackson became a war hero at the Battle
of New Orleans and defeated large numbers of
Indians in the South, leading to expansion. - D. Results-Treaty of Ghent-simple cease fire.
- Side result-Adams-Onis Treaty-1819-
- Spain gives Florida to the U.S.
5 VI. James Monroe 1816-1824The Era of Good
Feelings"
- After the War of 1812, Americans finally
became more nationalist. - A. Postwar changes
- 1. The American System-All parts of the nation
working together. Henry Clay proposes this - Protective tariffs, transportation
improvements, and National Bank. - 2. Supreme Court decisions give court more
power.
6VI. James Monroe 1816-1824The Era of Good
Feelings"
- B. Monroe Doctrine-1823
- James Monroe established 2 foreign policy ideals
in this speech - 1. Non-intervention-U.S. would not interfere in
European affairs if European powers did not
interfere in the Western Hemisphere. - 2. Non-colonization-Western Hemisphere was
closed to any further colonization from
European nations.
7VII. New Party System-John Quincy Adams
- -Federalists had died out
- because of their lack of
- support for the War of 1812.
- They seemed disloyal.
- -No political candidates wanted to be associated
with the name Federalist.
8VII. New Party System-John Quincy Adams
- A. Election of 1824
- Candidates John Quincy Adams
- William Crawford
- Andrew Jackson
- Henry Clay
- All Republicans!
9VII. New Party System-John Quincy Adams
- Results Jackson won more electoral votes but
no one won a majority. Clay gave his support
to Adams, causing him to win. Clay then
became his Secretary of State. - Jackson called this a "corrupt bargain"
- and vowed revenge.
- -Adams presidency was unpopular because he
tried to expand the government's powers.
10VIII. Andrew Jackson's Presidency
- A. Election of 1828
- -Jackson wins easily after forming
- the new Democratic Party.
- - Jackson identified with the poor, western
farmers, and frontiersmen. - -Jackson fired people in the government that
opposed him replaced them with supporters. - (spoils system)
- -He used his new power to veto and get revenge
on his enemies.
11VIII. Andrew Jackson's Presidency
- B. Indian Removal Act of 1830
- -Jackson passed this law moving all Indians west
of the Mississippi River. - -Many Indians resisted and were removed by
force. - -"Trail of Tears"-Cherokee moved from Georgia to
Oklahoma, losing 25 of their population
12VIII. Andrew Jackson's Presidency
- C. Nullification the National Bank-"The
Monster"- - Jackson believed in the supremacy of the federal
government - 1. South Carolina threatened to secede from the
Union over unfair tariffs that favored
northern - merchants but hurt southern planters
- 2. Jackson threatened South Carolina with
force. - 3. Jackson disliked the national bank because
it represented eastern wealth and
aristocracy. - He said it made"the rich richer the poor
poorer."
13VIII. Andrew Jackson's Presidency
- 4. After the 1832 election, Jackson
- let the Bank's charter expire and
- the deposits were transferred to
- state banks.
- 5. Results of the Bank War
- -New York became the financial
- center for the country.
- -Whig Party was formed to oppose "King Andrew"
14VI. Jackson's Successors
- A. Martin Van Buren-1836
- After his election, depression set in.
- The Panic of 1837 was a result of
- Jackson's economic policies.
- This probably cost him re-election
-
- B. Election of 1840
- -Whigs nominated ex-General
- William Henry Harrison (Pres) and John Tyler(VP)
- -Harrison won but died one month after taking
office.
15VI. Jackson's Successors
- C. John Tyler-
- He vetoed many Whig attempts at legislation,
including a new National Bank. This caused
division in the party.
16The Jefferson/Jackson Era
The Jefferson/Jackson era resulted in a more
politically active and aware population.
Political parties became essential to the
political system.