Jefferson%20through%20Van%20Buren

1
Jefferson through Van Buren
2
Results of the War of 1812

• Credibility to rest of world
• Sectionalism gets a black eye
• War HeroesJackson Harrison
• Native Americans abandoned by British, must
  relinquish land North of Ohio R.V.
• Manufacturing prospered
• Industry stimulated
• American nationalismnational oneness

3
Results of the War of 1812

• National literature J.F. Cooper Washington
  Irving
• American school books depict patriotic themes,
  teach American heroes
• Navy finally whipped Barbary Pirates in 1815

4
Henry Clays American System

• Support for a high tariff (1816)
• Recharter of the Bank of the United States
• Building of American Infrastructure (such as
  turnpikes, roads and canals)

5
American System

• Revived Bank of the US in 1816
• Tariff of 1816protective tariff
• Madison vetoed federal money for roads/canals
  (not in the Constitution)
• States will have to fund public works
• New England big opponent of federal roads

6
Era of Good Feelings

• James Monroe elected in 1816 (2 terms)
• Not AS great as the name
• SOME peace/prosperity
• Also trouble with
• The tariff
• Slavery
• Political power w/in Rep.Party
• The bank
• Internal improvements
• Sale of public lands
• Sectionalism

http//www.usdiplomacy.org/exhibit/protecting.php
7
Tariff of 1816

• To protect infant industrial economy
• Stiff (20) protective tariff to protect industry
• Not all Americans agree
• Sectional Crisis
• NO! John Calhoun for Slining the pockets of the
  North
• NO! Daniel Webster for Ncant trade freely w
  Britain
• YES! Henry Clay for Tariff the Tariff plus his
  American System will bring both improve
  manufacturing AND bring revenue for improvements
  to South

8
Trouble w Bank/Panic of 1819

• Caused by Second Bank of U.S. (BUS)
• Recession after war
• Caused by over speculation of frontier lands
• BUS demanded payment from Western (Wildcat)
  banks. They had no hard coin.
• BUS demanded Wildcat banks foreclose on farmers
• Western banks/BUS hated by frontier farmers and
  poorer citizens

9
Transportation Advances lead to National Changes

• Toll Roads (turnpike) built w private funds
• The Cumberland Road (National Road) is completed
  from Maryland to Illinois

http//www.connerprairie.org/historyonline/ntlroad
.html
10
Transportation Advancement leads to Nation Changes

• Robert Fulton-The steamboat is being perfected.
  Goods transported both ways on the rivers.

http//inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blste
amship.htm
11
Transportation Advances

• Erie Canal, 1825
• Funded by NY
• Connects Great Lakes to Hudson River
• Shipping costs go down
• Port cities grow

12
Transportation Advances lead to National Change

• Life becomes easier and cheaper w advances
• Social and Political consequences
• Rich and poor divide grows
• Manufacturers/plantation owners-richer
• East and West connected by transportation
• South cut out
• Sectional tension between North and South

13
Control of the West

• 9 states admitted 1791-1819, alternating
  slave/free. In 1819, 11 free/11 slave
• Missouri petitions Congress for admission
• Talmadge (NY)Amendmentno more slaves brought in
  to MOchildren of slaves freed at age 25
• Angered slave holding southerners
• Threat to balance

14
Control of the West

• New Englandricher and more crowded
• South is maintaining balance in the House--barely
• What happens if slavery can be abolished by the
  Feds in the West?

15
Missouri Compromise of 1820

• Actually 3 bills
• 1. Missouri admitted as slave state
• 2. Maine admitted as free
• this maintains balance
• 3. No slavery above 3630
• Is accepted for 34 yrs, temporarily resolves
  sectional issue of slavery

16
Monroe Doctrine-US more aggressive in foreign
affairs

• Lingering issues w Canada, Florida and
  sovereignty of the U.S.
• 1817 US Britain sign treaty to resolve Canada
  issue Rush-Bagot Treaty 1817
• Demilitarization of Great Lakes frontier
  borders
• Adams-Onis Treaty 1819
• Purchase Florida from Spain, Spain will abandoned
  claim in Oregon
• Monroe Doctrine

17
Monroe Doctrine (1823)

• Revolutions in Latin America cause Britain to
  want an alliance with U.S. to maintain influence
  in Western Hemisphere
• Sect. of State John Quincy Adams warns Monroe NO,
  it will hinder US expansion
• Monroe Doctrine basis of U.S. foreign policy
  going forward. Warning to Europe-stay out of
  Western Hemisphere

18
Monroe Doctrine 1823

• Warning to Europe Stay OUT of Western
  Hemisphere!
• Non intervention in Latin America and end to
  European colonization
• U.S. continues this policy through 19th and 20th
  centuries

19
Mudslinging Election of 1824

• Last of old style elections
• 4 Republican Candidates against each other
• John Quincy AdamsMass
• Henry ClayKentucky
• Wm. H. CrawfordGeorgia
• Andrew JacksonTennessee
• John C. Calhoun is VP on both Adams Jacksons
  tickets

20
Corrupt Bargain?

• Jackson wins popular vote
• BUT no man had the majority in electoral college
• House decides the Presidency
• Clay supports Adams
• Adams wins and make Clay his Sect of State

21
John Quincy Adams

• Kept people in govt.
• jobs, didnt replace them
• Nationalistic, when rest of country was going for
  states rights/sectionalism
• Pushed for construction of roads canals
• National university
• Refused to remove Cherokees from land in GA

http//www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/ja6.h
tml
22
Election of 1828-Jackson wins
VS.

• National Republicans
• Adams
• Whigs (Federalists)
• Jacksonpresented as rough hewn frontiersman
• Jacksons wife accused of bigamy

• Democratic Republicans
• Jackson
• Democrats
• Adams called a corrupt aristocrat
• Adams wife called bastard child

23
Election of 1828-Jackson wins

• Adams support from New England Northeast
• Jackson support from the west the south
• The second party system is reborn

24
Andrew Jackson
First President from the West
http//www.whitehousehistory.org/04/subs_pph/Presi
dentDetail.aspx?ID7imageID4
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Key Tenets of Jacksonian Democracy

• Belief in the common man/common sense
• Expanded white male suffrage
• Patronage
• Opposition to privileged elites

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Tariff of Abominations (1828)

• Tariffs between 1816 and 1828 are first tariffs
  primarily for protection
• 45 tariff proposed
• New England supports it to further protect from
  foreign competition
• South hates it

27
South Carolina Exposition and Protest

• Forced John C. Calhoun to formulate doctrine of
  nullification
• Same states rights argument from VA/KY
  resolutions.
• State can refuse to recognize an act of Congress
  that it considers unconstitutional
• 1. adversely altered Souths trade w Europe
• 2. South anxious over growing Fed power

28
Webster-Hayne Debate 1830

• Webster (MA) rejects nullification
• Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and
  inseparable
• Robert Hayne (SC)-
• Supports Calhouns doctrine of nullification
• Only way to preserve Southern interests
• Alliance between the South and West was only way
  to perservere in face of the Tariff.

29
Jackson and Indian Removal-Cherokees

• Cherokees in Georgia did what they could to be
  accepted in the US
• Developed agricultural, educational and political
  institutions
• Sued in Worcester v. Georgia against removal
• Marshall ruled to uphold rights to their tribal
  land
• Jackson refuses to recognize Courts decision

30
Indian Removal-Trail of Tears

• 1830 Indian Removal Act-transplanting of all
  Indians East of Miss. River to Oklahoma
• Trail of Tears- all Cherokees removed from the
  state of Georgia. One quarter of the people died
  in route to Oklahoma.

31
Indian Removal

• Jacksons policy leads to the forced removal of
  100,000 Native Americans

http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2959.html
32
Jackson and the Bank War

• Opposes the recharter of BUS
• Believes govt needed to stay out of economic
  affairs
• He vetoed the recharter, felt it was a monopoly
• Withdrew fed deposits from BUS, put in state
  banks

33
Jackson, Death of BUS and Panic

• of land and goods jumps, threatens economy
• Jackson issues Specie Circular
• Value of paper money plummets
• Leads to Panic of 1837
• Jackson asserting power on behalf of West/common
  man
• Jacksons veto kills BUS until the Civil War

34
Election of 1832

• Jackson wins
• Novelties in this election include
• 1. Third Party the Anti-Masons
• 2. National nominating conventions
• 3. Formal publicized platforms
• Buries the Bank of the US
• Result Depression

35
Election of 1836

• Whigshad been National Republicans
• Support states rights
• Support Clays American system
• Supported by
• Large Northern Industrialists
• People alienated by Jackson
• Evangelical Christians

36
Election of 1836

• William Henry Harrison (Whig)
• Martin Van Buren (Democratic)

http//millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident
/harrison
http//www.u-s-history.com/pages/h350.html
37
Election of 1836-Van Buren

• Van Buren wins
• Benefactor of Jacksons Spoils system
• Puppet of Jacksons
• Doesnt get much accomplished
• Oversees economic depression-Panic of 1837

38
Texas

• 1819 Adams-Onis Treaty
• 1820--Spain opened Texas to Americans
• No slaves
• Must be Catholic
• 1821Mexico wins independence from Spain
• 1826JQ Adams offers to buy Texas for 1 mil.

39
Texas

• 183030,000 Anglos and slaves are in Texas
• Tejano population is only 4,000
• 1830Jackson offers to purchase Texas for 5 mil
• 1836 Texicans, led by Sam Houston, rebel
  against Mexico, declare Texas an independent
  republic of Mexico

40
Texas

• Alamo Mexican Dictator Santa Anna wins
• Houston then defeats Santa Anna
• Santa Anna grants independence to Republic of
  Texas
• Houston new leader, petitions for statehood
• Rejected by Jackson and Van Buren, they fear
  tipping the balance in favor of slave states
• Texas was independent republic until 1845 because
  of the slave issue

41
Election of 1840

• Tippacanoe Tyler Too!
• No real platform
• No real campaign
• Appeal to Westerners

http//www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/tyler/aa_tyler_s
ubj_e.html
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Election of 1840

• Harrison Tyler beat Van Buren. . . but