The Jefferson Era

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The Jefferson Era
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Election of 1800

• Federalists nominate Adams again Republicans
  nominate Adams VP, Thomas Jefferson
• For the first time, political parties really
  begin attacking each other in their campaigns
• Adams is portrayed by Republicans as a monarchist
  who wants to set himself up as king
• Jefferson is portrayed a pro-revolution radical
  set on destroying the national government

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• Jefferson and Aaron Burr both receive 73
  electoral votes
• Adams gets only 65 votes
• The tie creates a BIG problem Who would be
  President?

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• House of Representatives votes on who will be the
  next President
• After 36 different votes, Jefferson finally wins
  the vote and becomes President
• Burr becomes VP

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Jefferson Wins Out

• The House of Rep. is forced to vote to decide the
  winner
• After 36 votes, Jefferson finally wins and
  becomes the 3rd U.S. president Burr is VP and
  NOT happy
• Leads to the 12th Amendment which makes separate
  ballots for the President and VP

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Jeffersons Inauguration

• Jefferson was less formal than Washington and
  Adams
• Walked to the new Capitol building to give his
  first speech didnt think the leader of a
  republic should ride in a fancy carriage
• Jefferson was excited about the construction of
  the new capital city
• Free from any state influence

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The White House Then and Now
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Jefferson in Office

• As leader of the new Democratic-Republican party,
  Jefferson had many things to accomplish
• First, he hand-picked his cabinet, including
  future president James Madison

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• Jefferson also wanted to limit the role of the
  national government
• Let the Alien Sedition Acts expire
• Cut the size of the American military would use
  the extra money to pay off national debt
• Searched for ways to get rid of domestic taxes,
  like the one on whiskey

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Once Against, Now For. . .

• The National Bank
• Although he once fought against it, he was later
  convinced to leave it alone because it raised a
  lot of money for the government

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F.O.A. (Bellwork)
What is happening in this editorial cartoon?
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F.O.A. (Bellwork)

• Thomas Jefferson literally thought a giant
  cybernetic John Marshall robot would lay waste to
  our brand-new Capitol.

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EQs

• Who were the first five presidents, what years
  were each of them in office, and what was one
  major accomplishment for each of the five men?
  (8.6 spi 1)
• What did the cases of Marbury vs. Madison and
  McCulloch vs. Maryland do for the power of the
  Supreme Court? (8.6 spi1)

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EQs

• What are the three main points-of-view an author
  can use in a story, and why would he or she
  choose to use each one? (0801.8.2) (CCSS RL6)
• How does the reader determine cause and effect
  when reading a passage? (0801.5.3) (CCSS RL 5)

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Today

• Today Turn in projects Background on Marbury v.
  Madison Readers Theater
• Monday War of 1812

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Little review

• Who beat John Adams in the election of 1800?
• Why did Adams lose the election of 1800?

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First Major Court Case

• Marbury v. Madison
• Federalists still dominated the Judicial branch
• The night before leaving office, Adams created
  several new federal judgeships and appointed
  Federalists to these new positions
• However, because they happened so late, many of
  them were never properly delivered to Congress in
  time

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• What happened next. . .
• William Marbury was supposed to receive one of
  these positions, but Jefferson would not approve
  Adams midnight judges
• Marbury asked the Supreme Court to help out,
  which was headed by a Federalist chief justice
  named John Marshall

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• Jefferson believed that the Federalist Marshall
  would agree with Marbury
• But he actually ruled that the Supreme Court did
  not have the authority to change Jeffersons
  decision ruled the midnight judges were
  unconstitutional
• Established the Supreme Courts power of judicial
  review (can declare laws unconstitutional)

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Readers Theater

• Mr. Ezzell will read this aloud.
• Next, you read it and write down any words that
  give you trouble.
• While youre reading the story, Mr. Ezzell will
  assign parts by posting names on a sticky note.
  The narrators parts are in italics.
• Lets review the words that give you problems.

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Readers Theater

• Everyone will practice their lines with a partner
  for two minutes.
• Mr. Ezzell will set the timer on the overhead.

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Question

• What happened in the play?

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Assignment

• Write two paragraphs in which you tell me the
  cause and effect of Marbury v. Madison.
• A paragraph is 4-5 sentences.
• If you need to use your book, the case is on
  pages 269-270.

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Readers Theater
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The Louisiana Purchase
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• By the early 1800s, Spain was growing tired of
  trying to maintain the large territory of
  Louisiana

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• In 1802, Spain secretly traded the land over to
  France
• Napoleon, Frances emperor, wanted to use it to
  control all of North America
• France was at war with Britain Napoleon had
  already conquered much of Europe

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• Before trading LA, Spain once again closed the
  NOLA port to the U.S.
• Jefferson sends James Monroe to buy only the port
  of New Orleans from France
• Napoleon needs money for war, so he sells the
  whole territory for 15 million

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• Jefferson wasnt happy at first
• Strict constructionist Constitution said nothing
  about buying new lands
• Agrees, however, that it is a good thing in the
  end doubles the size of America

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Gotta Scope It Out. . .
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Lewis Clark Expedition

• Nobody really knew what was in the new Louisiana
  Territory
• Jefferson hires Meriwether Lewis and William
  Clark to check it out
• They are aided by Sacagawea, a female Indian who
  interprets for them

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• Lewis Clark travel almost 8,000 miles during
  their expedition
• Never find the Pacific Ocean though

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The Coming of War

• Britain France both began violating Americas
  neutrality
• Began stealing supplies off American trade ships
• The British began forcing some American sailors
  to serve in the British navy (impressment)

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• The U.S. responds by passing the Embargo Act
• Embargo The banning of trade
• The U.S. basically stopped all trade with
  everyone didnt work

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• The Embargo Act hurt the U.S. more than it
  helped trashed it and then passed another
  embargo against France Britain
• Had the same effect basically not very good

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Assignment

• Draw and color the map on page 273.
• Dont do the Spanish territory or Canada.
• Label every American territory, as well as the
  Mississippi River and Lewis and Clarks return.
• Include a key

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Fighting in the West

• Indian forces led by Tecumseh, a Shawnee chief,
  begin attacking Americans in the West
• Defeated at the Battle of Tippecanoe by William
  Henry Harrison
• Evidence reveals that Britain had supplied and
  aided Tecumseh

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• Many members of Congress wanted war with Britain
  nicknamed War Hawks
• Most New England Federalists did not want war
  wanted to seek peace with Britain

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New President

• In 1808, James Madison becomes the fourth
  President
• Influenced by the War Hawks (led by Henry Clay),
  Madison convinces Congress to declare war against
  Britain in 1812

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War of 1812

• Americans vs. British Native Americans
• Fighting begins at sea U.S. wins a lot in the
  beginning
• Many of Britains ships were being used to fight
  France

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• Soon, however, Britain begins to win
• Defeats France concentrates solely on U.S.
• Use blockades on American ports
• Win in Canada, NW Territory, and even Washington,
  D.C.

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(No Transcript)
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Major U.S. Victories

• Fort McHenry (Baltimore, MD)
• Francis Scott Key The Star-Spangled Banner
• Battle of New Orleans
• American forces led by Andrew Jackson defeat much
  larger British force
• Last major battle of the War of 1812

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Effects of the War

• The Treaty of Ghent ends the war
• Consequences of the war
• Increased patriotism in America
• Broke the power of many Indian groups
• American manufacturing increased