The Years of Andrew Jackson

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CHAPTER 10

• The Years of Andrew Jackson
• 1829 1836
• Our Union It must be preserved. President
  Andrew Jackson during a toast at a Jefferson Day
  dinner, April 13, 1830
• Jacksons vice president, John C. Calhoun,
  reacted to this toast since it was clear he had
  lost Jacksons support of the Southern cause of
  nullification with the following words The
  Union, next to our liberty, most dear. May we all
  remember that it can only be preserved by
  respecting the rights of the States and by
  distributing equally the benefits and burdens of
  the Union

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The majority rules and law rests on numbers,
not on intellect or virtue. . . while
theoretically holding that no vote of the
majority can authorize injustice, we practically
consider public opinion the real test of what is
true and false and hence, as a result, the fact
which Tocqueville has noticed, that practically
our institutions protect, not the interest of the
whole community but the interests of the
majority. Abolitionist Wendell Phillips
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"Advocates of capitalism are very apt to appeal
to the sacred principles of liberty, which are
embodied in one maxim The fortunate must not be
restrained in the exercise of tyranny over the
unfortunate." Bertrand Russell English Logician
and Philosopher (1872-1970)
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Andrew Jackson speaking to crowd after his
election
Politics in the olden time General Jackson,
President elect, on his way to Washington.
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 Indian Removals
The fixed policy of the Jackson administration
and pressure from the states forced Native
Americans in the 1830s to migrate from their
eastern homelands to a special Indian reserve
west of the Mississippi River
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Trail of Tears
For the Cherokees, the Trail of Tears stretched
1,200 miles from the homeland in the East to what
became the Indian Territory in Oklahoma.
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Jackson vs. the Bank
This Democratic cartoon portrays Jackson as the
champion of the people attacking the Bank of the
United States, a many-headed monster whose
tentacles of corruption spread throughout the
states.
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Whig Campaign Banner
This cotton banner used by the Whigs in the
campaign of 1840 celebrated their ticket as the
friends of common Americans who had been raised
in a log cabin. Smithsonian Institution / Office
of Imaging, Printing, and Photographic Services
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Chapter Review

• Describe the background of Andrew Jackson and
  identify which parts of his background would be
  most appealing to Americans in the early
  nineteenth century.
• Describe the rise of the Democratic Party and
  explain why Jackson is called the first peoples
  president.
• Describe the national mood regarding the issue of
  slavery in the 1820s and 1830s. Describe the role
  played by free blacks.
• Define the doctrine of nullification as expressed
  by John C. Calhoun.
• Describe the foreign relations policies of
  Jacksons presidency, and explain how they
  impacted Native Americans.
• Describe American relations with Mexico during
  the Jacksonian era.
• Evaluate Andrew Jackson as a U.S. president.
• Explain the 2nd Party system.

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Concepts

• 2nd Party System -- Anti-Masons, Whigs,
  Jacksonian Democrats
• Albany Regency, Martin Van Buren
• Bank War of 1832 veto of 2nd Bank bill
• Black Hawks War, Osceola of Seminoles
• Dorothea Dix, Horace Mann
• Gag rule, John Quincy Adams
• Indian Removal Act, Trail of Tears of Cherokee
• Joseph Smith, Brigham Young, Charles Grandison
  Finney, Book of Mormon
• Nat Turner 1831
• Nullification Crisis, tariff, John C. Calhoun
• Peggy Eaton,
• Specie Circular only purchase Western land with
  specie
• Spoils system
• The Alamo 1836, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna,
  Goliad, San Jacinto
• William Lloyd Garrison, The Liberator 1831

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 Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections,
18241840

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Fort Pierre South Dakota and the Adjacent
Prairie, 1832
Lithograph from ''Travels in the Interior of
North America.'' Karl Bodmer (1809-1893),
traveled through the territory of the United
States, and recorded what he saw. His 1832 view
of Fort Pierre, in what is now South Dakota,
shows its location along the Missouri River, as
well as Sioux encampments.
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Poster circulated in Philadelphia to discourage
the railroad
Not all Americans welcomed the industrial
revolution in the 1830s and 1840s. Residents in
several American cities protested both the noise
and smell of the railroad. In Charleston, South
Carolina, citizens forced city council to stop
the railroad tracks a great distance from the
wharves, as trains would ''disturb'' the lives of
those living in the city.
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Teton Sioux horse races in front of Fort Pierre,
South Dakota.
The sport of horseracing was as popular among
Americans as it was among the Sioux. Karl Bodmer
(1809-1893) sketched these Teton Sioux from life,
as they raced in front of Fort Pierre in 1833.
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The Grand National Caravan Moving East
Andrew Jackson rides a horse in front of a
horse-drawn carriage with several passengers in a
historic political cartoon.
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William Henry Harrison Campaign Poster
Whig candidate William Henry Harrison, the
''hero of Tippecanoe,'' is depicted as a farmer
with a log cabin, a barrel of hard cider, and a
plow in a poster for a rally during the 1840
presidential campaign.
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I. Andrew Jackson Takes Charge

• Jackson becomes the peoples president
• Jackson balances his cabinet well but relies only
  on those he completely trusts
• Cabinet appointment of John Eaton hints at future
  problems for Jackson and vice president John C.
  Calhoun
• Jacksons inauguration brings out worst in the
  common man
• Jackson is labeled as president most associated
  with spoils system

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II. Struggles Over Slavery

• The tariff, nullification, and states rights
  cause major conflicts
• Abolitionist strength grows
• Nat Turners slave revolt frightens Virginians
  and divides the state

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III. Political Turmoil and the Election of 1832

• Anti-Masons, labor groups, and states rights
  radicals in South Carolina pose problems for
  Jackson
• Most divisive issue of election becomes future of
  the national bank
• Henry Clay turns the bank into an issue
• Jackson wins easily, viewing his victory as a
  mandate to kill the bank
• Whig party emerges for the purpose of opposing
  Jackson

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IV. The Indian Peoples and the Mexican Nation

• Jacksons attitude toward Native Americans
  mirrors that of most Americans
• Cherokees adopt white ways but are removed to
  Oklahoma anyway
• Some Seminoles escape to Floridas swamps, and
  some Cherokees to North Carolina mountains
• Conflict also occurs with Mexico over Texas,
  where independence does not equal peace
• Davy Crockett, Col. Travis, Jim Bowie, Sam
  Houston
• The Alamo
• The Mexican War begins in 1846 due to US
  annexation of Texas

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Removal of the American Indians
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V. Revival

• Protestant revivalism is rooted in evangelism,
  with preachers such as Charles Grandison Finney
  urging people to repent
• Joseph Smith begins to instruct his followers in
  the Mormon faith

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VI. Character Development

• Cult of domesticity emerges, but mostly among
  middle and upper class women
• Middle class American women become interested in
  reform movements
• Abolition gains more support than any other
  reform effort