Democratic Paradigm

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Democratic Paradigm

• Jefferson Madison
• 1801-1814

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Thomas Jefferson1801-1809
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Rev. of 1800 Rise of Republicanism

• Jeff. reverses much of Fed. agenda
• Beginning of VA Dynasty

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Restoring the Meaning of Rev.

• Limited nat. govt
• Enlightenment into practice
• States will care for people property
• Free trade
• Freedom of religion press
• Friendly w/ all nation, but allied to none

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Actions

• Minimize fed. power eliminate govt oversight
  of economy
• Cut expenses - Reduced govt employees
• Cut military navy
• Abolished all taxes, except the tariff
• Paid off ½ debt
• Sedition Acts expire

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Judicial Review

• John Marshall
• Marbury v. Madison (1803)
• Supreme Court can determine if an act of Congress
  violates Constitution
• Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
• Judicial review extended to state law

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Agrarian Program

• Aggressive expansion of frontier
• Push back Indians
• Reduce homestead prices
• For 20 yrs easy for ordinary people to get land

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LA Purchase 1803

• Jeff. not sure its constitutional
• 250M today
• Strengthens farmer Republican tie

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Lewis Clark

• Meriwether Lewis William Clark
• Goals scientific commercial
• Explore
• Find water route to Pacific
• Est. trade w/ Indians
• Showed overland travel possible
• Idea Americas destiny to Pacific

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Bank

• Money moved to state banks
• Ignorant of possible inflation from lack of
  regulated currency
• Broke up privilege

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1804 Reelection

• Public supports Jeffersons egalitarian society
  easy win

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Problems w/ Europe

• 1803 GB F War
• 1806 blockade
• US neutrality not recognized
• 6000 US sailors seized by 1807 (impressment)
• Chesapeake attacked boarded (MD)

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The Embargo 1807-1809

• (peaceful coercion)
• US ships cant sail to foreign ports.
• 1808 exports plummet 80
• Economy crippled
• Domestic manufacturing did well.
• US lost 16M in customs revenue.
• Port cities devastated

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Election 1808

• James Madison Sec. of State
• Voters overlook Embargo
• Love Republican freedom
• Republican Party stronger (win S W)
• Jefferson paradigm confirmed

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James Madison1809-1817
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Expansion

• Expand into Spanish West FL (AL MS)
• Part of LA Purchase

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Madison Policy Change

• 1809 Non-Intercourse Act
• Ban only on GB Fr.
• Macons Bill No.2
• Take back embargo
• 1812 embargo on GB only
• Relations w/ Eng. deteriorate
• Republicans resist preparing for war

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Indian Policy

• Washington settled farming slaves
• Jefferson assimilation or removal
• Purchase land
• Indian debts
• Move uncivilized tribes west

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Civilized vs. Native Debate

• Decline irreversible
• Major Ridge John Ross
• Survival means assimilation
• White fathers
• Nativists
• Lose Euro influence
• Resist white settlement
• Stop selling land

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Tecumseh

• The Prophet (Shawnee)
• Whites are evil we must separate ourselves
• Indians must unite stop selling land (MS
  Valley)
• 1810 attack settlements
• 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe
• Prophetstown destroyed
• Wm. Henry Harrison hero

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War Hawks

• 1810 Midterm election victory
• Young, Republican Congressmen
• Henry Clay (KY)
• John C. Calhoun (SC)
• Defend honor expansion (Canada Florida)
• Free access to markets key to a farming republic
• Push Indians back
• Push Madison to war

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War Hawks
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Causes of War

• GB encouraging Tecumseh
• Continuing attacks on shipping
• independent people or colonists of GB
• Vote divided country
• North against (money business)
• South West fore (farming)

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1812 Madison Reelected

• Before war started going badly
• Fed. Govt couldnt
• Recruit troops, collect taxes, borrow
• Militias would go home
• Militias wouldnt fight out of state

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Problems

• Country divided
• Bank of US expired 1811
• New England bankers wont lend
• Fed. bankrupt at wars end

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Hartford Convention

• Dec. 1814
• Federalist mad
• VA presidents
• Loss of influence to west
• Amendments
• Eliminate 3/5th clause
• 2/3 vote for new states, war, trade restricting
  laws
• Right to own authority if Fed. is violating Con.

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War of 1812

• Canada
• GB blockades US
• 1814 Troops run GB burns DC
• Defense of Ft. McHenry (Balt.)

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The South

• Andrew Jackson Old Hickory
• Jan. 1815 Battle of New Orleans
• Outnumbered 2 to 1
• War technically over
• Most decisive victory of war
• Feels like we won war
• Jackson hero

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Treaty of Ghent

• Dec. 1814
• Everything goes back way it was before war
• Best we could do

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Aftermath

• Fought a war govt survived
• Jackson national hero
• Indians lose Old NW rich land in South
• Peace in Europe good for US

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Death of the Federalists

• Against War of 1812
• Cant escape unpatriotic charge
• Represent only the urban rich
• New Era of 1 party rule
• Nationalism Expansion

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Summary

• 15 yrs extended boundaries
• Encourage settlement of west
• Broke up artificial privileges
• Leveled playing field
• Made American society more democratic