The%20Jefferson/Jackson%20Era

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The Jefferson/Jackson Era

• 1800-1840

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Jefferson

• Silent Revolution- transfer of power from
  Federalist to Republicans (Anti)
• Marbury vs. Madison- Judiciary Review ability to
  declare laws unconstitutional
• Louisiana Purchase- X 2 United States 15 million
• Desired to shrink the size of US govt
• Made it bigger by acquiring LA Purchase

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Jefferson as President

• Jefferson entered office after the revolution of
  1800 with a clear political ideology with
  goals
• To reduce size cost of govt promote
  republican agrarianism
• To repeal key Federalist policies (Alien
  Sedition Acts John Adams midnight
  appointments)
• To maintain international peace

However, Jefferson would have to compromise many
of his ideological principles to be an effective
president
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Jeffersonian Reforms

• Jeffersons priority was to reduce the role of
  the national govt return key decisions to the
  states
• Repealed all excise taxes on Americans relied
  on shipping taxes to generate revenue
• Slashed military spending, reduced the army by
  50, retired most naval ships
• Eliminated all national
  debt

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The Louisiana Purchase

• In 1801, France gained Louisiana from Spain
  seemed ready to attempt to create an empire in
  North America
• But, the Haitian revolution cost of European
  wars led Napoleon to lose interest in America
• In 1803, Jefferson negotiated with France to buy
  New Orleans and part of Florida, but needing
  money Napoleon offered to sell all of Louisiana
  for 15 million
• Jefferson believed this was too good to be true
  and agreed quickly
• Commissions Lewis and Clark to explore

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The Louisiana Purchase

• Video

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The Louisiana Purchase the Lewis Clark
Expedition
Meriwether Lewis William Clark were
commissioned to explore the Louisiana territory
Left St. Louis in May 1804 reached the Pacific
in Nov 1805
Goal 1 Determine if the Missouri River flowed
to the Pacific Ocean
Goal 2 Collect data on flora fauna
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Lewis and Clark

• Video Lewis and Clark

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Renewed Conflict Overseas

• In 1803, England France resumed their war
  violated U.S. neutrality rights by seizing ships
  impressing American sailors
• Jefferson refused to declare war on either
  England or France
• In 1807, Jefferson approved a very unpopular
  embargo that prohibited U.S. merchants from
  trading with England or France

The embargo did not hurt England or France but
really hurt the US
The embargo hurt the New England economy
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Conclusions

• During Jeffersons two terms
• The U.S. doubled in size, saw huge population
  growth, experienced western expansion
• The role of government shrank
• The Jefferson presidency led to a divisive,
  politically partisan era
• The U.S. grew closer to international war due to
  failed attempts at reconciliation with Europe

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Jefferson

• Video Thomas Jefferson Presidency

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Madison

• War of 1812
• Impressment of American Sailors
  and conflict with Natives on the Frontier
• Violated Treaty of Paris 1783- removal of British
  from US lands
• Second American Revolution
• Star Spangled Banner-Nationalistic
• Battle of New Orleans- Andrew Jackson
• Treaty of Ghent signed in 1814
• Treaty that Ended War of 1812

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War of 1812
The U.S. did not fare well against the
better-trained British troops

• Despite increased patriotism, the U.S. was
  unprepared for war
• Congress refused to raise taxes
• The army was small state militias were
  inadequate
• The government was incapable of directing a
  full-scale war
• The U.S. goal for the war was to attack British
  Canada force England to respect U.S. rights

The U.S. navy was a little more successful but
only because the bulk of British navy was still
fighting Napoleon in Europe
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Monroe

• Known as Era of Good Feelings
• American System- Uniting US through
  transportation
• Western Expansion- Florida and Treaty of 1818
• Monroe Doctrine- Europe stay of out the Western
  Hemisphere and US
• will stay out of Europe

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1824 MONROE DOCTRINE

• Most infamous diplomatic stance up to this time
• Stated that Americans should not be subject for
  future colonization by an European Power and the
  US would not interfere in European affairs

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Missouri Compromise of 1820

• Created by Henry Clay of Kentucky
• MAINE a free state, MISSOURI a slave state
• 36 30 parallel drawn. S SLAVE N FREE except
  for Missouri's

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THE ELECTION OF 1824

• The Jeffersonian REPUBLICAN party breaking down
• Really Republicans v. Republicans
• William Crawford state rights
• John Quincy Adams centralized government
• Henry Clay American System
• Andrew Jackson no stand really but a war hero

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ELECTION OF 1824

• Jackson won the popular vote but no clear winner
  in the electoral college
• Went to the House of Rep. And went to the top
  three candidates
• Ended up between Jackson and Adams
• Clay used his influence as Speaker of the House
  to sway the votes in Adams favor who also
  advocated a strong central government
• CORRUPT BARGAIN Adams appointed Clay his
  Secretary of State clay bargained away the
  presidency
• RESULT Jackson starts forming a new political
  party

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Jackson

• Election of 1824- Corrupt Bargain
• Jackson vs. Quincy Adams
• Election of 1828- Like our Modern Elections
  Common Man
  vs. Rich
• Spoils System- Helping out political friends with
  office positions
• Indian Removal Act of 1830
• Trail of Tears- Force removal of Cherokee Indians
  to Oklahoma
• Nullification Crisis- South Carolina threaten to
  leave Union because of tariff (tax) 30K federal
  troops to put down the threat

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Andrew Jackson's Presidency

• A. Election of 1828
• -Jackson wins easily after forming
• the new Democratic Party.
• - Jackson identified with the poor, western
  farmers, and frontiersmen.
• -Jackson fired people in the government that
  opposed him replaced them with supporters.
• (spoils system)
• -He used his new power to veto and get revenge
  on his enemies.

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Andrew Jackson's Presidency

• B. Indian Removal Act of 1830
• -Jackson passed this law moving all Indians west
  of the Mississippi River.
• -Many Indians resisted and were removed by
  force.
• -"Trail of Tears"-Cherokee moved from Georgia to
  Oklahoma, losing 25 of their population

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Andrew Jackson's Presidency

• C. Nullification the National Bank-"The
  Monster"-
• Jackson believed in the supremacy of the federal
  government
• 1. South Carolina threatened to secede from the
  Union over unfair tariffs that favored
  northern
• merchants but hurt southern planters
• 2. Jackson threatened South Carolina with
  force.
• 3. Jackson disliked the national bank because
  it represented eastern wealth and
  aristocracy.
• He said it made"the rich richer the poor
  poorer."

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Andrew Jackson's Presidency

• 4. After the 1832 election, Jackson
• let the Bank's charter expire and
• the deposits were transferred to
• state banks.
• 5. Results of the Bank War
• -New York became the financial
• center for the country.
• -Whig Party was formed to oppose "King Andrew"

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Jackson's Successors

• 8. Martin Van Buren-1836
• After his election, depression set in.
• The Panic of 1837 was a result of
• Jackson's economic policies.
• This probably cost him re-election
• 9. Election of 1840
• -Whigs nominated ex-General
• William Henry Harrison (Pres) and John Tyler(VP)
• -Harrison won but died one month after taking
  office.

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Jackson's Successors

• 10. John Tyler-
• He vetoed many Whig attempts at legislation,
  including a new National Bank. This caused
  division in the party.

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The Jefferson/Jackson Era

• 1800-1840

The Jefferson/Jackson era resulted in a more
politically active and aware population.
Political parties became essential to the
political system.
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Evolution from Jefferson to Jackson
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Political
QUERY JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY
To what extent was universal white manhood suffrage achieved? Limited property requirements, but still believed a property requirement was a test of character that a man of initiative should be able to meet Property requirements for voting had been erased.
Which citizens were considered eligible for (civil service) office holding? Educated elite should rule, although he proposed education for all to prepare poorer individuals for public office Believed all men were qualified to hold office. Political positions should be rotated. Rotation in office Spoils System Patronage
How were candidates for president chosen? Candidates were chosen by caucuses of political leaders Nominating conventions were introduced. (Note First by the Anti-Masons)
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Economic
QUESTIONS JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCARCY JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY
In what way did Jackson expand the concept of the chosen class? Saw the yeoman farmer as the chosen class Included in that group the planters, farmers, laborers, and mechanics
How did each man view industrialization? Originally feared the consequences of industrialization Jackson accepted industry as essential to the American economy.
How did the Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge decision affect the access to corporate charters prevalent in Jeffersons time? Corporate charters were granted to favorites of state legislators and often implied monopoly rights to a business. Roger Taney, Jacksons appointee as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, ruled in the Charles River Bridge decision that corporate charters should be available to all who chose to risk starting a business.
What was each mans attitude toward the Bank of the United States? Different reasons both disapproved of the Bank Disagreed with a loose interpretation of the elastic clause Saw it as a monopoly of the rich. Puts federal in state Banks called Pet Banks.
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Social
QUESTIONS JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCARCY JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY
What was each mans attitude toward slavery? Owned slaves, saw slavery as evil and would be eradicate over time Owned slaves but seemed little interested in abolition
What was each mans attitude toward equality for women and Native Americans? Neither saw them as equal Supported Indian Removal Act Trail of Tears.
How did each man view education? As an educated man himself, believed education was necessary for office-holding and for preparing citizens for participation in a democracy Had little education and believed education was relatively unimportant
How did each hope to remove obstacles to upward social mobility? Believed that education and ambition were keys to success however, he was never able to build support for his proposed system of public education Opened opportunities for individuals to get corporate charters and thus rise on both the economic and social ladders.