The Jefferson Era

1
The Jefferson Era

• Chapter 9
• Sections 1-5

2
Thomas Jefferson
3
New Democracy

• Jeffersons plan as president included a focus on
  rights of the people being equal.
• Jefferson purposefully created an informal
  presidency. He believed that he was a citizen
  first and therefore should not be placed above
  another.
• Laissez-Faire let alone Jefferson believed
  that the federal government had gotten too big
• This was directly against the ideas of the
  Federalists and Alexander Hamilton

4
Smaller is Better

• Jefferson believed that the power of this nation
  lied in the states, not the federal government.
• Reduced the size of the army, navy, and lowered
  taxes.
• Kept some policies like the bank and the debt
  repayment plan.

5
The Supreme Court

• John Adams had appointed several judges to the
  federal court shortly before his departure.
  Called Midnight Judges
• William Marbury was one of these judges and when
  Jefferson became president he refused to accept
  the appointment.

6
Marbury V. Madison

• John Marshall decided that the Supreme Court does
  not have the right to decide this case because
  the Constitution does not allow it.
• Judicial Review- Established by John Marshall.
  Allows the Supreme Court to determine the
  constitutionality of laws and actions by the
  executive and legislative branches.

7
N. Orleans and the MS. River

• The Ms. River was many farmers only reliable mode
  of transportation.
• Roads are few and unreliable.
• The farmers used the Ms. River to get to New
  Orleans and then to Europe via the Atlantic
  Ocean.
• Spain controlled New Orleans and was threatening
  to close the port. This would have been
  devastating to the USA

8
Pinckney Treaty

• Spain agrees to allow the US to use N. Orleans.
  As a port and storage city.
• Shortly after this Spain gives N. Orleans to
  France to avoid war.
• Napoleon was conquering Europe and had eyes
  towards N. America.
• Jefferson is concerned

9
Revolt in Haiti

• Toussaint LOuverture led a slave revolt that
  cost the French resources and lives.
• Napoleons plans were put on hold.
• Timing is everything

10
The Louisiana Purchase
11
The Louisiana Purchase

• Jefferson gets permission from congress to pay up
  to 10 million for N.O. and West Florida.
• Talleyrand and Napoleon offer all of the
  Louisiana territory for 15 Million.
• Robert Livingston and James Monroe had to make a
  decision.
• They say yes.
• Was this Constitutional?

12
Lewis and Clark
13
Jeffersons Popularity

• After his 1st term in office Jefferson was very
  popular. The Nation was experiencing a period of
  success.
• The Louisiana Purchase was a great occurrence and
  all seemed well.
• Jeffersons second term could not differ more
  from his 1st.

14
America Struggles with Neutrality

• George Washingtons policy of neutrality left
  America with few allies.
• American trade depended on the abilities of
  merchants to sell their goods in far off lands.
• The ocean was a dangerous place for a merchant
  ship.
• Pirates from North Africa had attacked merchant
  ships for years and now focused on the US
  merchants.

15
Barbary Pirates

• In the early 1800s Tripoli a member of the
  Barbary states in North Africa demanded
  protection money from the US to allow our ships
  to pass.
• Jefferson refuses and Tripoli declares war.
• We respond by blockading Tripoli.
• Tripoli captures the Philadelphia after it runs
  aground.

16
Pirates...

• A band of marines sail into the harbor at Tripoli
  late one night and burn the Philadelphia. Why?
• Shortly after a band of Marines land and force
  Tripoli to sign a peace treaty with the US.

17
More Troubles at Sea

• England and France went to war again in 1803.
• This is good for American businesses until the
  French begin stealing our ships.
• Impressment - captured sailors are forced to
  fight for other countries. This is a favorite
  practice of the British.

18
A Bad Idea Gone Bad

• Jefferson decides to cut all ties with France and
  Britain.
• Embargo Act - Imports and exports are illegal.
  Jefferson figures that Britain and France. Will
  need American goods and give Jefferson what he
  wants.
• Wrong this kills the American economy.

19
Jefferson as an Unpopular President

• Jefferson had misjudged the potential of the
  Embargo Act, and it ended in 1809.
• They Replaced it with the Nonintercourse Act -
  This allowed trade with any nation except Britain
  and France.
• Jefferson leaves office tired and disliked.
• James Madison the Secretary of State is elected
  President.

20
Madison and the War Hawks

• Britain and France continue to seize American
  ships.
• Madison offers America as an ally to the 1st
  nation who promises to stop stealing from us.
• France quickly offers to respect US shipping.
• New England wants trade to resume the South and
  West want war.

21
Election of 1810

• Mid term election produces a pro war congress
• War Hawks - Group of congressmen elected who
  supported nationalism and war
• Nationalism - Pride in ones nation over all
  others.
• Led by Henry Clay (KY) they call for war with
  Britain.

22
War out West.

• Indians and settlers continued to battle out west
  over lands.
• Two Shawnee Indian brothers Tecumseh and Prophet
  tried to unite the Native Americans.
• A showdown at Tippacanoe Creek in Indiana pitted
  the Gen. William Henry Harrison and his men vs.
  Prophet Tecumseh and the Natives.

23
Interesting Outcome.

• The battle at Tippacanoe was not a major victory
  for either side, but one the Us claimed victory.
• Interesting events
• America soldiers found the Natives using British
  guns.
• We declare war on Britain June 1812

24
War of 1812

• Our Navy is 16 ships none able to deal with the
  British
• Our Army is smaller and in the same condition as
  it was when the Revolutionary War ended.
• Congress approves a new bill that will pay 124
  dollars and 360 acres, many new soldiers joined,
  few stayed

25
Naval battles

• Even though the British Navy was divided,
  fighting the French and the USA, they had enough
  power to blockade our ports.
• Some of our ships were able to score impressive
  wins against individual ships, but we were
  largely ineffective against the whole navy.

26
War in the West

• The War Hawk congress wanted very much to conquer
  Canada.
• 1813 we invade Canada led by Gen. William Hull
• He is tricked by the British into thinking that
  their army is much larger and that they have 5000
  Indian allies.
• Hull Retreats. Nicely Done...

27
Native American Soldiers

• Battle of the Thames
• Gen. W.H. Harrison (Tippacanoe) invades Canada
  looking for Tecumseh and the British Harrison
  defeats both at the battle of the Thames.
• Battle of Horseshoe Bend
• Gen. Andrew Jackson leads his soldiers to
  Mississippi to defeat the Creek Indians.

28
Washington gets HOT!!

• 1814 Britain defeats France and focuses fully on
  the USA.
• The British sail up the Chesapeake Bay and defeat
  the Americans at Bladensburg, MD, they move on to
  DC and burn the Capital and the Presidents
  Mansion.
• The British move on to Baltimore, MD

29
Oh Say Can You See...

• Baltimore is well defended and Ft. McHenry is
  well stocked.
• The British bombard the fort and the city. Both
  stood strong and the British give up.
• Francis Scott Key wrote a poem about the morning
  after the attack how our flag stood with broad
  stripes and bright stars.

30
Hartford and Peace

• Republicans from New England meet in Hartford to
  talk about leaving the USA.
• They cannot trade and dislike to current
  President.
• Meanwhile we have negotiate a peace with England.
• Treaty of Ghent - Agree to return to the
  situation that existed before. Nothing solved.

31
Battle of New Orleans

• The War is over, but because there is no Internet
  or texting no one knows.
• January 8th, 1815 the British attack New Orleans
  and Andrew Jackson.
• The Americans dug into an elevated position and
  when the British attacked 2000 died 7 Americans
  died.