The Industrial Revolution: Britain Begins Industrialization

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The Industrial RevolutionBritain Begins
Industrialization

• Why was Britain the first country to
  industrialize?

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Agricultural Revolution in Britain (1700)

• The Agricultural Revolution helps start the
  Industrial Revolution
• Most citizens in Britain live work on small
  farms in the countryside
• Enclosure Movement begins when wealthy landowners
  buy small farms, combine them then enclose them
  with fences or hedges

• The large farms begin to experiment with new
  ways to create larger crops

1. 1701 Jethro Tull invents the seed drill

• Plants seeds in well spaced rows at a specific
  depth in the ground

• Crops are bigger with larger yields

2. Charles Turnip Townshend begins crop rotation

• Crop rotation allows you to grow different
  crops on the same field

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• As food supply increases so does population
• British need Labor
• Britain needs to produce more goods (esp.
  textiles)
• People move to cities to find work, mostly
  ex-farmers who will work in the new factories
  that were popping up all over Britain
• British Industrialize First
• Overall, Britain had all of the factors of
  production, which are land, labor, and capital
  (wealth/money)
• 1) Resources Water power/coal to fuel the new
  machines iron ore to construct machines, tools,
  and buildings
• 2) TransportationRivers to transport goods
  throughout Britain natural harbors that allow
  merchants to sail to and from the island
• 3) Capital Great banking system, Entrepreneurs
  who wanted to invest in the new technology
• 4) Stable Government plus many colonies
  powerful Navy

3. Farmers practice selective breeding of
animals bigger sheep!
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5. Inventions Improvements

• Textile Industry begins in So. England spreads
  throughout the rest of Britain (most cotton comes
  from US South) improvements include

B) Cotton Gin (from US)
A) Spinning Jenny

• Transportation improvements helps move of goods
  throughout Britain

D) Fultons Steamboat
E) Steam Locomotive F)Liverpool-Manchester
railroad
C) Watts Steam Engine
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Warm-up 15-2Find answers on page 285

1. How did the flying shuttle improve the textile
   industry?
2. Why did the demand for cloth increase?
3. What did Britain need to make cloth and where did
   that material come from?
4. When was the only period after 1830 in which
   British cloth consumption didnt rise? Why do
   you think this may have happened? Where else
   could the British have gone to get cotton?