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The Industrial Revolution Begins

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Title: The Industrial Revolution Begins


1
The Industrial Revolution Begins
  • 1750-1850
  • By Ricardo Guevara

2
Section 1 Dawn of the Industrial Revolution
  • Industrial Revolution began in Britain and soon
    spread across the world.
  • It was viewed as a turning point in history
    changing the way people lived, worked, and
    thought of life.
  • An energy revolution triggered the beginning of
    the Industrial Revolution.

3
Why a turning point in history?
  • During the 1700s, people worked on land, lived in
    cottages, and had no electricity.
  • With the growing number of people, the rural way
    of life disappeared.
  • New jobs were offered because factories were
    built and people traveled by train or steamship.
  • New advances in technology, science, medicine,
    and agriculture arose.

4
The Agricultural Revolution
  • The Dutch led the Agricultural Revolution.
  • They began using fertilizers and built earthen
    walls.
  • British then began experimenting and came up with
    new easier farming techniques.
  • Landowners took part in the technique enclosure,
    which they fenced off land previously owned by
    peasants.
  • With enclosure, profits rose and more crops were
    grown.
  • Small farmers were forced to move into cities to
    find new jobs.

5
Rise in Population
  • The Agricultural Revolution caused the population
    to rise.
  • The population of Europe rose from 120 million to
    190 million in just 70 years.
  • This growth was due to the fact that less people
    were starving because they had more crops.
  • People ate healthier, hygiene was improved, and
    medical care improved.

6
Another Trigger
  • A third trigger of the Industrial Revolution was
    the energy revolution.
  • Water mills and windmills were invented.
  • People also found ways to use coal as a source of
    energy.

7
Section 2 Britain Leads the Way
  • Britain began the industrial revolution because
    they had natural resources, human resources,
    political and social conditions, and economic
    conditions.
  • New technologies in the iron industry were key to
    the Industrial Revolution.
  • Textiles were improved, more factories were
    built, and new inventions were made.
  • Transportation was improved both on land and sea.

8
Why did it begin in Britain?
  • Britain had a large amount of coal to power steam
    engines and iron.
  • With the many people fleeing from their farmlands
    and moving into the cities, Britains factories
    had a large amount of people that could work.
  • Britain was a very wealthy nation.
  • Britain had a stable government who supported
    economic growth.

9
The Need for Iron and Coal
  • Iron was needed for machines and steam engines.
  • The Darby family developed Britains iron
    industry and also produced better quality and
    cheaper iron.

10
The Growth in Factories
  • More factories were built.
  • John Kay invented a machine that could weave
    cotton quicker.
  • James Hargreaves invented a machine called the
    spinning jenny that would weave the cotton into
    thread.
  • These machines were placed into factories and
    made working easier.

11
The Revolution of Transportation
  • There were major transportation changes on both
    sea and land.
  • Turnpikes, or privately built roads that charged
    a fee to travelers who used them, were built.
  • The steam locomotive was a very important
    invention in that it could transport a large
    amount of goods and people from one place to
    another.
  • Others applied steam power to improve ships.

12
Sections 3 Hardships of Early Industrial Life
  • The Industrial Revolution brought new changes to
    lifestyles for the people of the age.
    Urbanization occurred and new problems arose.
  • Massive work was completed in a new system of
    factories causing the need for several thousands
    of workers.
  • Along with men, women and children were forced to
    manage machinery. Long hours, short breaks, poor
    ventilation, and no chance of worker protest was
    an all too ordinary day for a worker during the
    beginning of this era.

13
The Factory System
  • Massive needs of factories forced the creation of
    cities housing workers, exploding almost
    overnight
  • Women and children were forced to work to support
    their families. They were smaller than men and
    could be paid lower amounts than the men.
  • Work hours were long usually ranging from 12 to
    16 hours. This caused horrid conditions.
  • Reforms were hard to accomplish during the era,
    slowly, however, Parliament introduced reforms.

14
Working Class
  • Former farmers became the new workers in
    factories. They were forced to horrid conditions.
  • When machines started being used, artisans and
    skilled workers began using jobs. This caused
    riots, with people destroying machines and laying
    holocaust to factories. Labor unions were
    eventually forbidden and outlawed for several
    years.
  • John Wesley set up the Methodist Church in the
    mid-1700s. Methodism preached of forgiveness and
    comfort, this being opportune for the new group
    of seriously mistreated workers.

15
Middle Class
  • This class arose from entrepreneurs, artisans who
    figured how to accomplish things faster, and some
    who rose from nothing.
  • These families dressed in the styles of the day
    and ladies conformed to the ideas of the day.
  • The middle class worked hard, and valued getting
    ahead.

16
Benefits and Problems
  • Urbanization caused new cities to form almost
    over night, causing influxes of people in small
    areas.
  • Low pay, bad working conditions, long hours, and
    most of the family working were characteristic to
    most workers of the age.
  • The Industrial Revolution allowed for extra money
    however, and allowed for slight enjoyment by
    allowing poorer people to afford newspapers, or
    train rides.

17
Section 4New Ways of Thinking
  • Laissez-Faire, the belief that governments should
    not interfere with the economy, was embraced by
    business people of the time.
  • Utilitarianism, the belief that the goal of
    society is to bring the greatest amount of
    happiness to the greatest number of people.
  • Socialism, Marxism, and Communism ideas were
    considered during the time, due to the
    fluctuation in the amount of workers.

18
Laissez-Faire
  • The belief that governments should not interfere
    with the economy was preached by the likes of
    Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, and David Ricardo.
  • Adam Smith wrote The Wealth of Nations, and
    theorized that free market, would eventually help
    everyone.
  • Thomas Malthus believed that to deal with future
    food shortages, population would have to be
    controlled.
  • David Ricardo believed that more children led to
    lower wages, theorizing that the poor could never
    escape poverty. Higher wages more children
    more labor and less jobs less money.

19
Utilitarianism and Socialism
  • Jeremy Bentham preached Utilitarianism, the
    belief that the goal of society is to bring the
    greatest amount of happiness to the greatest
    number of people.
  • His followers, such as John Stuart Mill, believed
    actions were right if they caused happiness and
    wrong if they caused pain.
  • Socialism, the concept of everyone being equal,
    with no property ownership, with the community
    owning everything jointly, arose.
  • Utopian societies, where socialism was practiced
    arose, like Robert Owens New Lanark.

20
Karl Marx
  • Karl Marx, a German philosopher, and Friedrich
    Engels, published The Communist Manifesto.
    Communism is a form of socialism which sees the
    eventual clash of employees and employers.
  • Marx divided people into different groups, the
    working class was called the proletariats or
    have-nots, and the wealthy groups were called the
    haves, who possessed most of the power and
    luxuries. The two have clashed over the
    centuries.
  • Marx hoped for a world revolution, calling all
    proletariats to rise up against the have-nots.
    People however, had more connections and loyalty
    to their connections then to a world revolution.

21
Regents Questions
  • 1. Which condition is most necessary to the
    process of industrialization in a
    society?1. dependence on subsistence
    agriculture  2. creation of a one-crop economy
     3. availability of investment capital
     4. capture of foreign lands
  • 2. According to Karl Marx, history is the record
    of the1. granting of more political liberties
    to all people  2. struggle between classes in
    society  3. wars and conflicts between national
    leaders  4. increasing prosperity brought about
    by industrialization

22
Regents Questions
  • 3. A main idea of Karl Marx and Friedrich
    Engles Communist Manifesto is that the
    proletariat1. would need foreign help to
    achieve its revolutionary ends  2. had to
    cooperate with the capitalists to gain economic
    rewards  3. should allow the capitalists to
    control the means of production  4. must unite
    to overthrow the capitalist class
  • 4. Revolution will occur more and more
    frequently in the industrialized nations as the
    proletariat struggles to overcome the abuses of
    the capitalist system.This quotation reflects
    the ideas of1. Charles Darwin  2. Karl Marx
     3. Niccolo Machiavelli  4. John Locke

23
Regents Questions
  • 5. The proletarians have nothing to lose but
    their chainsWorkers of the world, unite!This
    statement was made in response to conditions
    resulting from the1. Protestant Reformation
     2. Counter-Reformation  3. Commercial
    Revolution  4. Industrial Revolution

24
Answers
  • 1. Which condition is most necessary to the
    process of industrialization in a society?
  • Answer 3 (availability of investment capital)
  • 2. According to Karl Marx, history is the record
    of the
  • Answer 2 (struggle between classes in society)
  • 3. A main idea of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles
    Communist Manifesto is that the proletariat
  • Answer 4 (must unite to overthrow the
    capitalist class)
  • 4. Revolution will occur more and more
    frequently in the industrialized nations as the
    proletariat struggles to overcome the abuses of
    the capitalist system.
  • Answer 2 (Karl Marx)
  • 5. The proletarians have nothing to lose but
    their chainsWorkers of the world, unite!
  • Answer 4 (Industrial Revolution)
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