THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1750-1914

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1750-1914

• THE DOMESTIC SYSTEM TO THE FACTORY SYSTEM

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AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

• PREDECESSOR TO THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
  CHANGES IN THEORY AND MACHINERY.

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AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
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AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

• NEW CROPS
• CHARLES TOWNSHEND CROP ROTATION
• COMPLIMENTARY CROPS (CLOVER TURNIPS WHEAT
  BARLEY)

• JETHRO TULL SEED DRILL
• IRON PLOWS
• MECHANICAL REAPERS AND THRESHERS
• ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT

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AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION THE ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT

• THE FENCING OFF OF PUBLIC LANDS BY LANDOWNERS
  (1700S).
• AGRICULTURE BECAME MORE EFFICIENT.
• EXPERIMENTATION WITH NEW CROPS.
• Resulted in larger farms.

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AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION THE ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT
RESULTS

• MORE FOOD, BETTER DIET, IMPROVED HEALTH
• RAPID POPULATION GROWTH
• INCREASED DEMAND FOR MANUFACTURED GOODS
• UNEMPLOYED FARMERS LARGE NEW LABOR FORCE

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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• DOMESTIC SYSTEM (COTTAGE INDUSTRY)
• PUTTING OUT SYSTEM-WOOL/COTTON CLOTH MANUFACTURED
  IN THE HOME.
• First factories developed in the textile industry
• ENTREPRENEURS DELIVERED RAW MATERIALS.
• FAMILIES CLEANED RAW MATERIAL, SPUN THREAD AND
  WOVE CLOTH.
• THIS SYSTEM COULD NOT KEEP UP WITH DEMAND.

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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MECHANICAL INVENTIONS

• JOHN KAY
• FLYING SHUTTLE
• 1733
• SPED UP WEAVING PROCESS
• WEAVERS USE THREAD FASTER THAN SPINNERS COULD
  PRODUCE IT

• JAMES HARGREAVES
• SPINNING JENNY
• 1764
• SPED UP THE SPINNING PROCESS
• A PERSON COULD SPIN SEVERAL THREADS AT ONCE

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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONFLYING SHUTTLE
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION SPINNING JENNY
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MECHANICAL INVENTIONS

• RICHARD ARKWRIGHT
• WATER FRAME
• 1769
• 100 SPINDLES DRIVEN BY WATER POWER
• INCREASED THREAD PRODUCTION

• SAMUEL CROMPTON
• SPINNING MULE
• 1779
• USED FEATURES OF THE SPINNING JENNY AND THE WATER
  FRAME
• INCREASED THREAD PRODUCTION

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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION WATER FRAME
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION SPINNING MULE
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MECHANICAL INVENTIONS

• EDWARD CARTWRIGHT
• POWER LOOM
• 1785
• LOOM IN WHICH THE WEAVING ACTION WAS POWERED BY
  WATER
• A WORKER COULD PRODUCE 200 TIMES MORE CLOTH IN A
  DAY

• ELI WHITNEY
• COTTON GIN
• 1793
• MACHINE THAT TORE FIBERS FROM SEEDS TO CLEAN THE
  RAW COTTON
• SPED UP THE PROCESS OF CLEANING COTTON FIBER

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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION POWER LOOM
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION COTTON GIN
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• FACTORY SYSTEM
• WORKERS AND MACHINES BROUGHT TOGETHER IN ONE
  PLACE
• INVESTORS BUILT LARGE BUILDINGS TO HOUSE MACHINES
• WORKERS HAD A SET NUMBER OF HOURS TO WORK
• WORKERS WERE PAID DAILY OR WEEKLY WAGES

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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION THE STEAM ENGINE
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION THE STEAM ENGINE

• 1698-THOMAS SAVERY-STEAM DRIVEN PUMP-REMOVE WATER
  FROM FLOODED COAL MINES
• EARLY 1700S-THOMAS NEWCOMEN SAFER STEAM POWERED
  PUMP
• 1760S-JAMES WATT-IMPROVED NEWCOMEN ENGINE,
  PRODUCED 4 TIMES THE POWER AND STEAM BECAME AN
  EFFICENT POWER SOURCE
• STEAM POWER ENABLES THE GROWTH OF RAILROADS

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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION COAL AND IRON

• EARLY 1700S-ABRAHAM DARBY-DEVELOPED A WAY TO USE
  A FORM OF COAL, INSTEAD OF CHARCOAL, TO SMELT
  THE IRON. IRON IS BETTER QUALITY AND CHEAPER TO
  PRODUCE
• DARBY MADE IRON
• HENRY CORT-  refining iron from pig iron to
  wrought iron
• 1850S-HENRY BESSEMER-PROCESS CREATED STRONGER,
  CHEAPER STEEL

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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TRANSPORTATION
COMMUNICATION

• CANAL-1759-DUKE OF BRIDGEWATER
• ROAD SURFACE-1700S-JOHN MCADAM
• RAILROAD-1829-GEORGE STEPHENSON ROCKET
  TRAVELED AT 36 MPH! BETWEEN 1850 AND 1860
  BRITAIN BUILT OVER 5000 MILES OF RAILROAD TRACK
• THE RAILROADS WERE AN IMPROVEMENT OVER CANALS
  BECAUSE THEY DID NOT HAVE TO FOLLOW A RIVER.
• STEAMSHIP-1807-ROBERT FULTON
• TELEGRAPH-1837-SAMUEL F.B. MORSE
• INEXPENSIVE POSTAL SYSTEM IN BRITAIN

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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LOCOMOTIVE STEAMSHIP
Why were railroads improvements over canals?
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WHY DID BRITAIN LEAD THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?

• AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION MORE FOOD
• AVAILABLE LABOR POOL
• PLENTY OF COAL IRON
• EXCELLENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

• MERCHANT TRADITION
• CAPITAL FOR INVESTMENT
• LARGE COLONIAL EMPIRE FOR RAW MATERIALS
• COLONIAL EMPIRE WAS A MARKET FOR FINISHED GOODS

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Factory Work

• FACTORY ACTS WERE PASSED TO REFORM CHILD LABOR
• MOST FACTORY WORKERS WERE WOMEN BECAUSE THEY
  COULD BE PAID LESS THEN MEN

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CONCLUSION

• During the Industrial Revolution life changed
  when people migrated from rural areas to cities.
• The Industrial Revolution resulted in a general
  rise in the standard of living.

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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BRITAINS REIGN AS A WORLD
POWER BEGINS
http//www.youtube.com/watch?v3Efq-aNBkvc
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Edinburgh
Glasgow
Newcastle
Belfast
Liverpool
Manchester
Birmingham
Bristol
Cardiff
London