Ch. 3 Sec. 1 Dawn of the Industrial Age

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Henry Bessemer
Volta
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Faraday
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Pasteur
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Industrial Revolution

• Industrial Revolution,
• widespread replacement of manual labor by
  machines that began in Britain in the 1700s.
• Causes of the Industrial Revolution
• New farming methods
• New technology

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Ch. 5 Sec. 1Dawn of the Industrial Age

• Life before Industrialization
• People lived in simple homes
• Worked using hand tools
• Light
• Candles
• Clothes
• Made their own
• Food
• Grew their own
• Traveled
• by foot or horse
• Communicate
• Sent Messages or messenger

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• Life after industrialization
• Towns turned to cities
• Machines began to do work
• Light
• Electricity
• Bought
• clothes and food
• Travel
• boat or train
• Communicate
• telegram

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New Inventions

• Anesthetic
• Kills pain
• Sewing machine
• Tool to measure the speed of light
• Antiseptic
• Kills germs

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New Farming Methods

• Lord Charles Townshend
• Urged farmers to grow turnips, because it
  replenished the soil
• Jethro Tull
• Invented the Seed Drill
• Helped farmers, because it planted seeds in a row

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New Technology

• Energy
• Coal
• Used to power the steam engine
• Thomas Newcomen
• Invented the steam engine
• James Watt
• Improved Newcomens steam engine

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Steam Engine
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Reasons why Britain led the way in Industry
Natural Resources
Human Resources
Technology
Political Conditions
Social Conditions
Economic Conditions
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Ch. 3 Sec 2Britain Leads the way

• Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in
  Britain?
• Plenty of coal and iron
• Large number of workers
• Rapid population growth (5 mil to 9 mil in one
  year)
• Why?
• More food less famine
• More medicine less sickness, disease
• Entrepreneurs took risks to start new businesses
• Increased Trade more money

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Continued

• Stable government (constitutional monarchy)
• Strong navy
• Britain was the center of the Scientific
  Revolution
• Skilled mechanics

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The Age of Iron and Coal

• Darby invented a new way to produce iron.
• Coal replaced wood to smelt iron
• Made iron cheaper, but better.

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Changes in the Textile Industry

• Cotton
• New inventions improve the British textile
  (cloth) industry
• Spinning jenny (spins cotton into cloth)
• First factories are built
• Machines were too large to be in homes
• Factories were located near streams and railroads
• transportation

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Spinning Jenny
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Early Factory
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Factory
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Later Factory
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Revolution in Transportation

• Steam locomotive (train)
• Faster and cheaper transport
• Steamboats improved shipping
• Faster and cheaper transport
• Max speed was 5 mph

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Locomotive
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Steamboat
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Reviewing key terms

• Abraham Darby
• He produced better quality and less expensive
  iron
• Richard Arkwright
• Hard working entrepreneur who invented the
  waterframe to speed up spinning cotton.
• Factory
• Places that brought together workers and machines
  to produce large quantities of goods

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• Turnpike
• Privately built roads that charge a fee to
  travelers who used them
• Robert Fulton
• American who used James Watts steam engine to
  power a boat that broke the speed record
• 5 mph

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Britain Cotton Trade--1850
A. B. C. D.
E. F. G.
H. I. J.
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Industrial Revolution Pop Quiz

1. Name two differences between life before and life
   after industrialization.

Before
After
Example Communicate messenger Example Communicate by telegram or telegraph
1. Travel Travel
2. Work 2. Work
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2. Give one Reason why Britain led the way in
Industry
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Pop quiz continued

1. Why were factories built and why were they built
   near rivers and railroads?
2. What was the energy source that powered the steam
   engine?
3. Who invented the seed drill and how did it help
   farmers?
4. List the 2 factors that caused rapid population
   growth.

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A
G
H
C
I
E
D
F
J
B
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Ch. 5 section 3Hardships of Early Industrial life

• What is a movement of people from the countryside
  to the city? P 178
• What led to the massive migration of people from
  farms to cities? P 178
• Who benefited most from the Industrial
  Revolution? P 179
• What social class was created because of the
  Industrial Revolution? p179
• Describe factory work during the beginning of the
  Industrial Revolution. p180

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1. Describe the tenement. (Be specific) P 180
2. What did the Luddites protest against? P 180
3. Why did employers prefer to hire women over men?
   181
4. If women were working in factories, who was
   cleaning the home, cooking, and taking care of
   the children? 181-182
5. Describe the conditions for Miners and factory
   workers? 181
6. What happened to workers who got sick or injured
   on the job? Why? 181

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Test continued

1. Why were children hired to work in factories and
   coal mines?
2. Describe working conditions for children in the
   mines.
3. What were some benefits that the working class
   gained as the Industrial Revolution progressed?

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Ch. 5 Section 4New Ways of Thinking

• California State Standard
• 10.3.6 Analyze the emergence of Capitalism,
  Socialism, and Communism.

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Ch 5 section 4Vocabulary

• Capitalism
• Individuals own companies and are free to sell
  goods at a price in order to make a profit
• This is the type of economy that the US has
• Laissez-Faire
• Hands-off policy in business. (operate without
  govt. interference)
• Free Market
• Businesses are allowed to charge any price they
  want.

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Vocabulary cont.

• Socialism
• Together, people own and operate the means of
  production. (businesses)
• Communism
• Last stage of socialism, where different social
  classes no longer exist and the people own
  businesses together.
• Bourgeoisie
• Middle class or business owners
• Proletariat
• Working class (factory workers, farm labor)

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Capitalist
Communists
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Laissez-faire Economists Capitalists

• Adam Smith
• Free Market competition
• would cause lower prices

• Thomas Malthus
• Believed that
• population growth
• would cause
• the poor to suffer

• David Ricardo
• Believed that the poor
• could improve their
• lives, if they had less
• children

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Adam Smith
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Ch. 3 Section 4New Ways of Thinking

• Adam Smith
• He believed in laissez-faire economics
• Laissez-Faire
• Hands off policy (no govt. interference)
• Free market (capitalism) would produce more goods
  at lower prices.
• Do you agree?
• If you have a lot of something, (pencils) do you
  think they would be expensive or in expensive?
• inexpensive, because the pencil company would
  want to sell to get rid of them.

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Thomas Malthus
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Laissez-Faire

• Thomas Malthus
• Supported Laissez-Faire economics
• Feared that population would increase, but that
  the food supply would not
• If theres not enough food, then people die.
• Malthus also believed that WAR and Disease would
  decrease the population
• Malthuss solution to the increased population
• Urged families to have fewer children
• If not, then Poor families would suffer

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David Ricardo
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Laissez-Faire

• David Ricardo
• Supported laissez-faire
• Agreed with Malthus that the poor had too many
  children
• Theory
• iron law of wages
• If wages are high, families had more children
• Problem
• Children increased supply of labor, which caused
  lower wages and high unemployment

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• Utilitarianism
• Idea that the goal of
• society should be
• happiness for all

• Jeremy Bentham
• Believed that laws
• Should provide more
• Pleasure than pain

• John Stuart Mill
• Wanted the govt. to step
• in and improve the lives of
• the working class.

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Jeremy Bentham
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The Utilitarian

• Jeremy Bentham
• Believed in Utilitarianism
• Idea that the goal of society should be happiness
  for all
• Believed that laws should provide more pleasure
  than pain
• Do you agree?
• He was ok with govt. interference as long as it
  helped those with problems

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John Stuart Mill
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Utilitarian

• John Stuart Mill
• Strongly believed in individual freedoms
• Also ok with government interference
• Wanted working class and women to vote
• Against child labor

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Socialist

• Robert Owen
• Utopian
• All work should be shared and all property owned
  by the people

• Karl Marx
• Believed there was a struggle between
  bourgeoisie and proletariat
• Believed the Proletariat would win
• Workers would control society and everyone would
  be equal

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Socialism

• Socialism
• People (public) own and operate businesses.
• Main reason for socialism
• Improve society and end the gap between the rich
  and the poor
• Everyone would be equal
• There would be no crime, no government, no
  disease, no sadness, no boredom

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Robert Owen
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The Utopians

• Robert Owen
• He was a Utopian
• Believed that all work should be shared and all
  property owned by the people
• No difference between the poor and rich
• Fighting would stop
• End child labor
• He owned a factory and treated and paid his
  employees well

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Karl Marx
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Scientific Socialism

• Karl Marx
• Disagreed with the Utopians (unreal)
• He saw the current problem as a class struggle
  between employers and employees
• Employers were the haves
• Bourgeoisie, or Middle class
• Employees were the have-nots
• Proletariat or working class
• In the end, he believed the proletariat would win

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Karl Marx

• Marx hated capitalism, because it caused
  happiness for a few and poverty for many
• He supported Communism
• Classless society where the people run and own
  everything equally

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Adam Smith
1. Who is a Socialist?
David Ricardo
Karl Marx
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John Stuart Mill
2. Which two are Utilitarians?
Thomas Malthus
Jeremy Bentham
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• Karl Marx
• Adam Smith
• Robert Owen
• Jeremy Bentham

• John Stuart Mill
• Thomas Malthus
• David Ricardo

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3. Name the three people who supported
laissez-faire economics.
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• 4. Which two groups did Karl Marx believe were
  against each other and who did he believe would
  win?
• 5. What was todays standard?
• 6. What was the goal of Utilitarianism?
• 7. Who believed that laws should bring pleasure
  and not pain?
• 8. Who believed that the poor could improve their
  lives if they had less children?

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1. What is the difference between a conservative and
   a liberal?
2. What do you consider yourself to be, a
   conservative or liberal? Why?
3. Which of the following is a liberal?

George W. Bush
Mr. Dabbs
Karl Marx