Second Industrial Revolution: la belle

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Second Industrial Revolution la belle époque

• European History

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Change in Population from 1820-1900
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Migration of late 19th Century
What three factors contributed to the mobility of
European at this time? What parts of the world
benefitted most from the migration of individuals?
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The Great Exhibition

• London, 1851 worlds first industrial fair
• Crystal Palace
• 6 million visitors in 6 months
• Human domination over nature
• Prince Albert, man is approaching a more
  complete fulfillment of that great and sacred
  mission which he has to perform in this worldto
  conquer nature to his usewe are accomplishing
  the will of the great and blessed God.
• Britain workshop, banker, and trader of the
  world

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Crystal Palace
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Science Triumphs Second IR

• SIGNIFICANCE
• 1) Impact of ideas and products wide spread
• 2) Optimism in human progress
• 3) Science only way to truth
• New Products
• Steel
• Chemicals
• Electricity
• Petroleum

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Steel

• lighter, smaller, faster machines, engines,
  ships, railways, and weapons
• By 1910 America 1 producer, Germany 2, GB 3

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Chemicals

• France Germany in lead
• Alkalies artificial dyes revolutionize soap,
  textile, paper industries
• Photographic plates and film
• Chemical fertilizers

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Electricity

• Thermodynamics
• Sig impacts heat, light, motion communication
• Michael Faraday electromagnetism (electric
  engine)
• Thomas Edison (AM) Joseph Swan (GB) - electric
  lighting
• Alexander Graham Bell (AM) telephone, 1876
• Electric Streetcar Berlin, 1879
• Guglielmo Marconi radio waves across Atlantic,
  1901
• Factories conveyor belts, cranes, machines

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World in Motion

• Internal combustion engine, 1878 (gas air)
• Gottlieb Daimler, 1886 light engine
• Automobile 19009000 cars 1916750,000
• Henry Ford (AM) mass production
• 1900 Zeppelin airship
• 1903 Wright Brothers
• WWI boom in aircraft industry
• 1919 1st commercial aircraft

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Petroleum new coal

• demand up due to new machines and modes of
  transport
• Standard Oil Company (US)
• British Shell Oil
• Royal Dutch Petroleum

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Economic Zones by 1900

• Industrialized Zone GB, Belgium, Germany,
  France, Netherlands, Austro-Hungarian Empire
  (West), Italy (North)
• High standard of living, education, healthier,
  system of transportation
• Agricultural Zone Italy (south),
  Austro-Hungarian Empire (East), Spain, Portugal,
  Balkan kingdoms, Russia
• Providers of raw materials and food
• Decline in price of food makes farming difficult
  large farms develop
• By 1870 Russia and Japan begin industrialization
• World economy interdependency of goods
  products

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Economic Difficulties

• European farming suffers due to farming outside
  of Europe BUT
• Cost of consumer goods falls
• Several lg. banks fail SO
• industrial stagnation in some areas BUT
• standard of living keeps increasing
• Unemployment, strikes support growth of unions,
  labor and socialist parties

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UPSWING of 2nd Ind. Revolution??

• All classes have more money to spend on
  non-essential items
• Larger markets in urban areas spur further
  industrialization
• Leads to department stores, chain stores,
  mail-order catalogs, advertising new jobs
• Imperialism new markets available overseas BUT
  at what price??