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Panchayati Raj System and District Initiatives

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Title: Panchayati Raj System and District Initiatives


1
Panchayati Raj SystemandDistrict Initiatives
K M Mishra
2
Objectives
  • Panchayati Raj system
  • Advantages, Disadvantages
  • Plans linked to potential(PLPs)
  • Participatory role of village community in the
    planning process.
  • District Initiatives- DRDA
  • Empowerment of masses
  • Women empowerment.

3
Panchayati Raj in India
  • India has a chequered history of Panchayati Raj
  • Starting from a self-sufficient and
    self-governing village communities surviving the
    rise and fall of empires, to the modern legalized
    institutions of governance provided with
    Constitutional support.
  • During Rig Veda (1200 BC) the self governing
    bodies called Sabha existed.

4
Panchayati Raj in India (contd..)
  • Feudalistic system of governance during Mughal
    rule in the medieval India created a new class of
    feudal chiefs and revenue collectors (Zamindars)
  • Panchayats (democratic systems) were never a
    priority to the British rulers. They were
    interested in controlled local bodies
  • During British rule, establishment of local civil
    and criminal courts, revenue and police eroded in
    value and effected the Panchayati System.
  • For a sustainable economic growth to take place
    in any country, it is necessary that people
    participate in political process of the society.

5
VILLAGE GOVERNANCE
  • The institution of Panchayati Raj is specifically
    designed for rural population with the basic
    objective of democratic decentralization and
    devolution of power to ensure accelerated
    socio-economic progress with every individual
    being the architect of his/her own government.
  • Mahatma Gandhi dreamt of Gram Swaraj
    Independent Village Republics and advocated
    Panchayati Raj, as a decentralized form of
    government where each village is responsible for
    its own Governance.

6
VILLAGE GOVERNANCE (contd..)
  • Similar sentiments were expressed by our first
    Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru.
  • India is poor because villages of India are
    poor. India will be rich if the villages of India
    are rich. Panchayats should be given greater
    powers, for we want the villagers to have a
    greater measure of swaraj (self government) in
    their own villages.
  • In the words of Prof Amartya Sen, Nobel Laureate,
    It is empowerment that leads to entitlements and
    entitlements lead to enrichment.
  • Village governance is empowerment of Rural India.

7
Panchayati Raj Post Independence era
  • The founding fathers of the Independent India
    recognized the concept of self governance in the
  • Directive Principle of State Policy, vide Article
    40, provided for setting up of village
    Panchayats.
  • The Directive Principles of State Policy being
    non justiciable , there was no pressure on any
    state to set up such a system. After
    independence, India accelerated the development
    through active participation of people at grass
    root level.

8
  • Post Independence Scenario - The decentralization
    of socioeconomic development programmes - First
    Five Year Plan.
  • Second Five Year Plan Conceptualize National
    Extensive Service Blocks.
  • The Plans fail to accomplish decentralization

9
  • 73rd and 74th amendment of Constitution of India
    (1993) empowered local governments rural and
    urban , as constitutional entities and initiated
    a new chapter in the process of democratic
    decentralization in India.
  • Responsive Panchayats at Village level (gram
    panchayats), Block level (intermediate
    panchayats ) and District level ( zila panchayats
    ) came in existence in the states.
  • Democracy at the grassroot level as it is at the
    state level or national level.

10
The Panchayat Raj System
  • The Panchayat Raj System has three tier
    structures
  • Gram Panchayat
  • Gram Panchayat is the first level elected body
    and the basic unit of democracy , is the local
    government with specific responsibilities. Gram
    Sabha is the general body of the citizens of
    entire village .

11
  • Panchayat Samiti
  • Panchayat samiti is a local government body at
    the tehsil or Taluka level, is the link between
    the Gram Panchayat and the district
    administration.
  • Zila Panchayat
  • District level of Panchayat Raj System the Zila
    Parishad.

12
Panchayat Samiti
  • Functions-
  • Implement schemes for the development of
    agriculture.
  • Establishment of primary health centers and
    primary schools.
  • Supply of drinking water, drainage,
    construction/repair of roads.
  • Development of cottage and small-scale industries
    and opening of cooperative societies.
  • Establishment of youth organizations.
  • Source of Income
  • The main sources of income of the panchayat
    samiti are grants-in-aid and loans from the State
    Govt.

13
Zila Parishad
  • Functions
  • Provide essential services and facilities to the
    rural population.
  • The planning and execution of the development
    programmes for the district.
  • Supply improved seeds to farmers. Inform them of
    new techniques and training in Agro production.
  • Set up and run schools, Primary Health Centers
    and hospitals in villages.
  • Construct bridges, roads and take care of public
    properties.

14
  • Execute plans for the development of the
    scheduled castes and tribes.
  • Works for women empowerment as per government
    directives.
  • Encourage entrepreneurs, small-scale industries,
    cottage industries, handicraft, agriculture
    produce processing, dairy farms, etc.
  • Provide work for the poor people. (tribes,
    scheduled caste, lower caste) and execute poverty
    eradication programmes of the government.
  • Source of Income
  • Taxes on water, pilgrimage, markets, etc.
  • Grant from the State Government/Central
    Government.

15
Panchayat Raj Institutions Today
  • About 3 million elected representatives at all
    levels of the panchayat one-third of which are
    women.
  • These members represent more than 2.4 lakh Gram
    Panchayats
  • About 6,000 intermediate level tiers
  • More than 500 district panchayats.

16
  • The new panchayats cover about 96 per cent of
    India's more than 5.8 lakh villages
  • Nearly 99.6 per cent of rural population is
    covered.
  • Challenges facing rural India are resolved by
    rural participation.
  • The largest experiment in decentralization of
    governance in the history of humanity.

17
Achievements of Panchayat Raj Institutions
  • The innovation has empowered the village
    community
  • Widened the democratic base of rural India
    resulting in inclusive and integrated growth.
  • Resulted in amazing development women
    empowerment and emergence of women as leaders.
  • Large numbers of women are shouldering
    responsibilities with grace and competence,
    bringing enormous courage, enthusiasm and
    creativity.

18
Achievements of Panchayat Raj Institutions
(contd..)
  • Empowerment with high degree of self confidence
    and self esteem coupled, with political awareness
    and service orientations.
  • Cross country rural market network- Rural
    Business Hubs. Fusion of rural produce with
    corporate expertise.
  • Instrumental in planning and executing N.R.E.G.
    Act ensuring 100 day wage employment in every
    financial year.
  • Instrumental in implementing rural development
    schemes/ programmes of Central/ State governments.

19
Aberrations in the Effort
  • Bureaucratic methods of the State Governments
    dilute the spirit of implementation.
  • In some cases Panchayats are becoming an
    institutions to perpetuate cast inequalities,
    that already exist.
  • The power rooted in caste, gender and sometimes
    religion determines the functioning of Panchayat
    system.

20
District Rural Development Agency
  • The Principal organ at District level, to develop
    District capabilities.
  • Specialized and professional agency, capable of
    effective programme design, and implementation of
    different anti-poverty programmes.
  • Provide the linkage and support to the
    implementing systems.

21
District Rural Development Agency (contd..)
  • Provides synergies among different agencies and
    bring about a convergence approach
  • Catalyst to development process.
  • Review the implementation process, ensure the
    benefits earmarked to target group (e.g.
    SC/ST/Women/Disabled) reach them.
  • Improve/propagate the awareness regarding rural
    development and poverty alleviation programmes.
  • Empowering rural masses in their ability to
    overcome poverty.

22
Structure
  • Each DRDA is under the charge of a CEO- Project
    Director.
  • Where there are no Zila Parishads a cell is
    created which maintains a separate identity.
  • Operational wings of DRDA look after Planning,
    Social Mobilization, Credit, Technologies, Self
    Employment, Women-cells, Watershed Management,
    Engineering and Accounts.
  • A monitoring and evaluation wing overseen headed
    by Project Economist.

23
Key Areas for PRI for next 3-5 years
  • Energizing gram sabhas or village electorates.
    Ensuring accountability and transparency in these
    bodies.
  • Sensitizing officials and facilitating stronger
    panchayat - administration links. Enabling
    panchayats to deliver on their promise of
    facilitating more equitable and effective
    development.
  • PRIs to develop broad based relationship with
    NGOs, state government and various institutes for
    greater impact and effectiveness.
  • On going evaluation on PRIs capacities to
    effectively and inclusively perform multiple
    development functions.
  • Help, generate pool of replicable ideas.
  • States to take PRI seriously and commit resources
    to them.

24
Flagship Schemes for Rural Development
  • National Rural Employment Guarantee Act launched
    Feb 2006 in 200 District , extended to 593
    district covering approx 450 lacs families with a
    current outlay of 39100 crores.
  • Central Sanitation Scheme
  • Sampoorna Gramin Rojgar Yojana
  • Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana
  • PURA Yojna
  • MP/MLA Funds.
  • Schemes by other departments

25
Gram Swarajya
  • The institution of Panchayati Raj is specifically
    designed for rural population with the basic
    objective of democratic decentralization and
    devolution of power to ensure accelerated
    socio-economic progress with every individual
    being the architect of his/her own government.
  • The real effect will come when system is
    participative and socio economic equality is
    achieved A sociopolitical change for better
    India.

26
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