Kingdom Plants

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Kingdom Plants

• Organisms that have chlorophyll(green) and make
  food by a process called PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• (Plants are also called Producers)

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T or F. Animals reproduce sexually and plants
reproduce asexually.

• F. The vast majority of both animals and plants
  reproduce sexually.

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Plants are divided into 2 large groups

• Algae (green, brown and red)
• Mosses
• Liverworts

• Ferns
• Conifers
• Flowering Plants

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Green Algae
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Brown Algae
Giant Kelp
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Red Algae
Mostly deep ocean
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Reproduction in Non Vascular Plants

• Algae reproduce either sexually(2 parents using
  sperm and egg) or asexually(1 parent makes a copy
  of itself)
• Mosses and Liverworts- must do both sexual and
  asexual reproduction to make a baby

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Liverworts
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Moss
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Moss and Liverworts do a form of strange
reproduction called

• Alternation of Generations

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Phylum Vascular Plants- have tubes for carrying
water, minerals and food

• Ferns
• Conifers
• Flowering Plants

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Ferns leaves drop spores.
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Spore capsules (sori)
Fern leaf
Spores
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Spores produce

• fern Prothallus

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Lives for 2 weeks, and...

• produces sperm and egg

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New ferns grow.
(No seeds)
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Alternation of Generations

• Reproduction technique in which the plant has to
  do sexual(sperm and egg) and asexual(spores)
  reproduction to make a baby. Mosses, Liverworts
  and Ferns

Sperm and Egg Sexual
Spores Asexual
Baby Plant
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Seed Plants

• Flowering Plants- have flowers with male and
  female sex organs.

• Conifers- evergreens that have a male and female
  cone.

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Evergreens are conifers. They include

• Pines- long needles in bundles of two.

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• Spruce- short single needles

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• Firs and Yews- flat, slender, flexible needles

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• Cedars and Arborvitaes- scaly needles

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• Larches or Tamaracks

Only conifer that loses its needles in the fall.
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Conifers(cone-bearers)

• Male cones produce sperm in pollen grains in the
  spring. They release their pollen when the wind
  blows. Some pollen might land on the sticky
  female cone.

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Pollen Grains (1000X)
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Conifers

• The female cone is larger and reddish/green in
  the spring. The pollen that stuck on it burrows
  to the center of the cone to the egg. This forms
  a seed.

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Flowering plants are the most common plants on
the earth and produce sperm and egg in flowers.
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Most flowering plants have very plain looking
flowers that you might not even notice.

• Wind, birds, and bees usually pick up the pollen
  from the male part of the flower and carry it by
  accident to the female part of another flower,
  creating a seed.

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Flowering Plants

• The flower has pollen, containing sperm, in male
  sex organs and eggs in female sex organs.

Lets study a flower
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With the help of wind, birds, and
bees...Flowering Plants make seeds.
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Pollination (Thanks, Cupid!)

• Pollen is carried from the anther of one flower
  to the stigma of another flower.

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Fertilization

• Pollen grains burrow down the pistil, style and
  ovary to the eggs. Pollens open up to release
  sperm which turn the eggs into seeds.

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From Flower to Fruit- a Love Story

• Once upon a time, Rholl grew tomato plants in his
  garden.

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• In June, he began to notice little yellow
  flowers. He was very happy!

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• By the end of June, he was sad because the little
  yellow flowers were gone.

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• By the end of July, he noticed small green bumps
  where the flowers used to be.

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• The bumps got bigger and bigger and bigger!

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• One day in August, he noticed the bumps turning
  yellow.

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• Finally one day at the end of August, he
  realized...These are TOMATOES!!

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• These are flowers! They are the ripened ovaries
  of the tomato flower.

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• Rholl presents his wife with a cart of partially
  rotten ovaries of a flower.

I married a geek!
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That evening at dinner...
A fruit is a ripened ovary!

• Science geek Rholl proves his point by dissecting
  the salad to reveal seeds in the tomatoes

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• Mrs. Rholl admitted that even though she married
  a science geek, she married the smartest man in
  the whole wide world!

See, it is a love story.
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Plant Sex...

• Never knew it could be so exciting!!

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Seed Dispersal

• Wind or water carrying seeds.
• Animals eating and pooping seeds.
• Animals carrying seeds.

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• Thank you Plant Kingdom for making all of our
  food and oxygen!
• - Monerans, Protists, Fungi,
• and Animals