KINGDOM PLANTAE

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KINGDOM PLANTAE

• CHAPTERS 27-31

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CHARACTERISTICS

• Autotrophic, eukaryotic, multicellular, primarily
  diploid but some triploid (corn)
• Plant-like protists (algae) is the link to plants

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STRUCTURE OF A PLANT

• Roots
• anchor plant
• absorb water and nutrients from soil
• storage in some
• Root cap to protect root during growth

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• Leaves
• capturing sunlight for photosynthesis
• gas exchange CO2 in and O2 out through stomata

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Stems transport of water and nutrients
between leaves and root
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• Plant vascular tissue
• xylem transports water and nutrients from the
  soil to the rest of the plant
• phloem carries organic materials (such as
  glucose) to the rest of the plant

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PLANT DIVERSITYincreasing in complexity

• Non Vascular (bryophytes) lacks vascular tissue
  so it must remain small to transport materials

moss
hornwort
liverwort
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whisk fern

Vascular Seedless uses spores to reproduce
club moss
whisk fern

horsetail
tree fern

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Vascular Gymnosperms (naked seed plants)
Conifers
Cycads


Gingkoes
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Vascular Angiosperms (flowering/fruit bearing
seed plants)
Non-vascular non-seed vascular naked seed
vascular flowering vascular
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Cladograms
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• A cladogram is a family tree based on shared
  physical characteristics.
• A cladogram is does not show phylogeny but
  phylogeny can often be inferred.
• A branching point would give a best guess as to
  what to look for in a common ancestor.

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Making a cladogram

1. Make a chart with all the characteristic you will
   be looking at.
2. Group species in nested Ven-diagram.
3. Transfer Ven-Diagram to tree.