Kingdom Protista

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Kingdom Protista

• Biology 106
• By Sameera Haq
• Professor Taylor Anderson-McGill

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How are protists different from other kingdoms?

• Most protists are found to be mainly unicellular
  and sometimes as colonial/multicellular
  (unspecialized cells)
• They have characteristics that are almost animal,
  plant, or fungi like but do not exactly fit into
  those kingdoms

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What are some general characteristics of protists
?

• Composed of eukaryotic cells
• Membrane bound organelles
• DNA found in the nucleus
• Plant-like-autotrophs, non-motile
• Animal-like-heterotrophs, motile
• Fungi-like - decomposers, some motility

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What are the three kind of cellular movements
found in animal-like protists ?

• Flagella- which are long tail like structures
  that is moved back and fourth
• Ex. Euglena
• Pseudopod- (false foot) changes it shape by
  pushing the cytoplasm in one direction
• Ex. Paramecium
• Cilia- are small hair like structures that move
  back and forth creating movement
• Ex. Amoeba

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Animal-like Phyla

• Phylum Zoomastigophora
• Phylum Rhizopoda
• Phylum Ciliophora
• Phylum Sporozoa
• Phylum Foraminifera
• All of these phyla are unicellular

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Phylum Zoomastigophora

• All use flagella for locomotion
• Heterotrophic
• Ex. Trichonympha

Flagellas
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Phylum Rhizopoda

• Forms psuedopods for movement
• Heterotropic (cellular eating)
• Ex. Amoeba
• proteus

Psuedopods
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Phylum Ciliophora

• Uses many cilia for locomotion as well as for
  feeding
• Heterotrophic
• Ex. Paramecium

Cilia
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Phylum Sporozoa

• Parasite
• No locomotion (nonmotile)
• Heterotrophic
• Ex. Plasmodium
• (causes malaria)

Plasmodium
Red blood cells
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Phylum Foraminifera

• Uses podia (similar to pseudopods) for movement
• Heterotrophic
• Ex. Foram Shells

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Plant-like Phyla

• Phylum Chlorophytha
• Phylum Phaeophyta
• Phylum Rhodophyta
• Phylum Bacillarophytha

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Phylum Chlorophyta

• Unicellular or Colonial
• Autotrophic
• Some organisms are motile
• Also known as green algae
• Ex. Chlamydomonas

Flagella present therefore motile
Chloroplast
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Phylum Phaeophyta

• Multicellular
• Autotrophic
• Also known as brown algae/brown sea weeds
• Ex. Macrocystis

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Phylum Rhodophyta

• Multicellular
• Autotrophic
• Also known as red algae
• Ex. Chondrus crispus

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Phylum Bacillarophytha

• Unicellular or colonial
• Both autotrophic and heterotrophic
• Most of them have exoskeletons (shells)
• Ex. Diatoms

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Fungi-like Phyla

• Phylum Myxomycota
• Phylum Arasciomycota
• Phylum Oomycota

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Phylum Myxomycota

• Unicellular and Multicellular
• Heterotrophic
• Use flagella for locomotion
• Ex. Plasmodial slime molds

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Phylum Arasciomycota

• Unicellular and Multicellular
• Heterotrophic
• Slug like movement
• Ex. Cellular slime molds

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Phylum Oomycota

• Unicellular and Multicellular
• Heterotrophic
• Uses flagella for locomotion
• Ex. Phytopthora infestans

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Practice Questions

• Try practicing using a key

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What is the domain?
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Eukarya
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What is the kingdom?
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Protista
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What is the phylum?
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Ciliophora
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What is the genus name?
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Paramecium
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What are the tiny hair like projection?
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Cilia
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Is it heterotrophic or autotrophic?
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Heterotrophic
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Where is and what is the function of the
contractile vacuole?
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Its function is to regulate water and salt
balance
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Is this eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
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Eukaryotic
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How does this organism produce movement?
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Flagella
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Is this unicellular or multicellular?
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Unicellular
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What is the phylum?
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Phylum Chlorophyta
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What is that also known as?
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Green Algae
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What is the genus name?
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Volvox
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Are they unicellular or colonial?
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Colonial
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What is the common name?
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Seaweed
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What is the phylum?
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Phylum Phaeophyta
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How does this organism move?
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Using pseudopods
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How does this organism feed?
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Through phagocytosis