20-1The Kingdom Protista

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• 20-1 The Kingdom Protista
• What Is a Protist?
• -Any organism that is not a plant, animal,
  fungus, or a prokaryote
• -Catch All Kingdommostly unicellular,
  eukaryotes

Euplotes
Spirogyra
Radiolarian
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• B. Evolution of protists
• -First eukaryotic organisms on earth
• C. Classification of Protists
• -Based on how they obtain nutrients and how they
  move

Stentor
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20-2 Animallike Protists Protozoans

• Four Phyla
• Zooflagellates
• Sarcodines
• Ciliates
• Sporozoans

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• Zooflagellates
• Flagella
• Usually in aquatic environment
• Asexual and sexual reproduction

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• 2) Sarcodines
• Pseudopods (move using cytoplasmic projections)
• Amoeboid movement
• Shells of calcium carbonate or silica

Amoeba
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Amoeba
Contractile vacuole
Pseudopods
Nucleus
Food vacuole
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• 3) Ciliates
• Use cilia to swim, free-moving
• Internal anatomy macro- and micronucleus,
  contractile vacuole
• Conjugation exchange genetic information, not
  reproduction

Paramecium
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Paramecium (Ciliate)
Contractile vacuole
Micronucleus
Macronucleus
Food vacuoles
Cilia
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• 4) Sporozoans
• Reproduce by sporozoites
• parasites

Plasmodium
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20-3 Plantlike Protists Unicellular Algae

• Chlorophyll and Accessory Pigments help harvest
  light energy
• 4 Types
• Euglenophytes
• Chrysophytes
• Diatoms
• Dinoflagellates

Acetabularia Calyculus
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Euglenophytes

• 2 flagella
• No cell wall
• Pellicle (intricately folded cell membrane)
• Eyespot (helps find sunlight)

Euglena
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Chrysophytes

• Gold-colored chloroplast
• Store food as oil
• Reproduce sexually and asexually

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Diatoms

• Cell walls with silicon
• Glasslike

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Dinoflagellates

• Photosynthetic AND heterotrophic
• Luminescent
• Reproduce asexually (binary fission)

Peridinium
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Ecology of Unicellular Algae

• Phytoplankton Photosynthetic
• Algal blooms
• recycle wastes
• if they die they can deprive O2 from the water

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20-4 Plantlike ProtistsRed, Brown, and Green
Algae

• Red Algae
• Chlorophyll a and phycobilins (blue light)
• Can live deeper in water
• Multicellular

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• Brown Algae
• Chlorophyll a and c and fucoxanthin
• Multicellular
• Largest

Fucus
Sargassum
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• Green Algae
• Chlorophyll a and b
• Cellulose in cell walls
• Probably ancestors of modern land plants
• Unicellular and multicellular

Volvox
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• Unicellular Green Algae
• Contractile vacuoles
• Chlamydomonas
• Reproduction diploid/haploid generations
• alternation of generations

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• Multicellular Green Algae
• Ulva
• Reproduction gametophytes and sporophytes

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20-5 Funguslike Protists

• Have centrioles
• Lack chitin in cell walls
• Two types
• Slime Molds
• Water Molds

Oomycota
Tubifera ferruginosa
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Slime Molds

• Cellular cells remain distinct or separated
• Acellular cells fuse to form large cells

Cellular
Acellular
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Water Molds

• Thrive on dead or decaying organic matter in
  water
• Some are plant parasites on land

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• Ecology of funguslike protists
• Beneficial function decomposers
• Harmful function cause plant diseases
• Water Molds and the Potato Famine