The Protestant Reformation (1450-1565)

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The Protestant Reformation (1450-1565)

• A Change in Religion

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The Catholic Churchs Problems

• Charges of greed (Indulgences)
• Weariness of the constraints it enforced
• Catholic church becomes defensive in the face of
  criticism

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The Catholic Churchs Problems Part 2

• Corruption of the Renaissance Popes
• (Borgia Family)
• The controversy over the sale of indulgences

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Table Discussion

• What do you think was the biggest problem of the
  Catholic Church before the Reformation started?
• How do you think the problems of the Catholic
  Church could have been solved without the
  Reformation?

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New Ideas?
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New Cultural Ideas

• Better educated, urban population was more
  critical of the Church than peasants.
• Renaissance monarchs were growing impatient with
  the power of the Church

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New Technological Ideas

• Moveable type was invented in 1450 by Johann
  Gutenberg
• Manufacture of paper becomes easier and cheaper
• Helped spread ideas before Catholics could squash
  them

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Table Discussion

• Predict why the printing press was such an
  important invention during the Reformation.
• Explain why better education levels in Europe led
  to changes in political structure before the
  Reformation.

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Political Changes in Europe

• Turmoil, Deception, Conflict

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Germany

• Luther troubled by the sale of indulgences
• Friar Tetzel sold indulgences in Wittenberg in
  1517
• Luther posts his 95 Theses on October 31, 1517

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Germany

• Pope ignored Luther at first.
• Luther attacks the Pope and his order of
  excommunication
• Luther hides in 1521
• The Peace of Augsburg and Division of Germany

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England

• Henry VIII marries 6 different women, 5 marriages
  annulled by Catholic Church
• Henry creates the Church of England and runs it
  (Anglican)

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Table Discussion

• Which country do you think had bigger problems,
  Germany or England? Explain.
• The Catholic Churchs leadership seemed to be a
  problem in both places. Why do you think the
  Catholic Church had such fractured leadership?

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Reformation Ideas
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Martin Luthers Teachings

• Salvation by Faith Alone and Authority of the
  Scriptures Alone
• All people should be able to obtain heaven
• Indulgences should not guarantee heaven

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John Calvins Teaching

• Predestination
• More of a stress on works than Luther
• Communion and Baptism Acts were very important
  to salvation

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Table Discussion

• How were Martin Luther and John Calvin similar
  and different?
• Which do you think was going to get more people
  to see their viewpoint during the Reformation,
  Calvin or Luther? Explain.

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The Counter-Reformation The Catholic Response
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Ingredients Of Response

• POPE PIUS IV
• Created the idea of The Inquisition
• Religious warfare and a new Bible
• Ruled over the Council of Trent Clarification
  of Church Doctorines
• He was a member of the DeMedici family

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Results of the Reformation

• Christian Church was splintered in the West
• 100 Years War
• Right of Rebellion by Jesuits and Calvinists
• Popes power increased

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Results of Reformation

• Witch craze swept Europe, Between 1561-1670,
  13,000 people were executed as witches
• Possible reasons for this witchcraft craze
  Religious Overload?

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Assignment

• Use your notes to create a Concept Map of the
  Reformation.
• Your Concept Map should have the Title
  REFORMATION
• Your Concept Map should have at least 15 detail
  bubbles coming off of the Title Bubble