The Protestant Reformation

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The Protestant Reformation
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Compass
timepiece
Sphere
hammer
polyhedron
Nails
Magic Square
Pincers
Saw
Set of Scales
Ladder
Pot on a fire
Millstone
Plane
Telescope
Comet
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Causes of the Reformation

• The renaissance caused people to think for
  themselves.
• People wanted to read and understand the bible
  however they wanted.
• The founder, Martin Luther, felt that the
  Catholic Church wasnt interpreting the bible
  correctly.
• People started understanding Luthers point of
  view.

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About the Reformation

• The Protestant Reformation was a 16th century
  movement for religious reform.
• Was founded by Martin Luther, a German monk.
• Started in 1517, when Luther posted the 95
  theses.
• In the picture at the right, people are paying
  indulgences, to the catholic Church.
  

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The 95 theses

• The 95 theses was a decree that stated certain
  practices of the Roman Catholic Church and
  Luther's beliefs.
• The 95 Theses were posted on Oct. 31, 1517.
• They were posted on the church door in
  Wittenberg, Germany.
• Said that, People could win salvation only by
  faith in gods gift of forgiveness.
• Said, all church teachings should be clearly
  based on the words of the bible. Popes church
  traditions were false authorities.
• Said, all peoples faith was equal, therefore,
  people did not need priests.

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Some Background

• At the time, in Germany, it was common to
  publicly debate political and social issues.
• People were becoming angry at the wealth of the
  Church and at its seeming lack of care for the
  regular person.
• Linked to this were the questions, How do we
  know that what the Church teaches is correct? Is
  Holy Scripture (the bible) the only thing we can
  truly rely on?
• There was also a desire to have the bible in
  everyday language (the vernacular) not just
  Latin. (Of course for these people that was
  German.)

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Martin Luther

• Martin Luther was the one that gave birth to
  Protestantism.
• He was born in Germany.
• He was a German monk that felt that the Catholic
  church was practicing illegal things.
• Although he was a monk he had a guilty
  conscience.
• Luthers beliefs said that Faithgood works
  Earth instead of the Catholic Church teachings
  that said that Faith good worksheaven

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Indulgences

• The church taught that it could give indulgences
  (time off in Purgatory) from the treasury of
  merits, or graces, left from the sacrifice of
  Christ and the saints.
• In Luthers time abuses had crept in. Indulgences
  were being sold to make money for the re-building
  of St Peters Basilica in Rome, and for paying
  the debts of some Bishops.
• His disgust at this practice was one of the main
  reasons behind Luthers 95 theses.

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Lutheran Church
Catholic Church

• Priesthood of all
• No Religious Life
• Married clergy
• No Pope
• A National Church
• 2 SacramentsBaptism/Eucharist
• No Mass
• Different view of Real Presence
• Vernacular Bible and Worship
• Stress on Preaching
• Good Works rejected (eg. Fasting, pilgrimages,
  indulgences, etc.)

• Hierarchical priesthood
• Religious Life
• Celibacy
• Authority of Pope and Bishops
• A Universal Church
• 7 Sacraments
• Mass
• Christ actually present in the Eucharist
• Latin (until 1960s)
• Stress on Tradition Authority
• Value of faith and working out your salvation
  through good works

FAITH ALONE
GRACE ALONE
SCRIPTURE ALONE
SCRIPTURE TRADITION
FAITH WORKS
AUTHORITY - POPE BISHOPS
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Edict of Worms

• The Edict of worms was an issued imperial order
  that threatened Martin Luther with
  excommunication unless he took his statements
  back.
• In 1520, Pope Leo X threatened Martin Luther with
  excommunication.
• Martin Luther did not take his statements back.
• A month later, King Charles issued an imperial
  order (Edict of Worms) that declared Luther an
  outlaw and heretic.
• According to this Edict, no one in the empire was
  to give Luther food or shelter.
• All his books were burned.

In this picture we can see the confession That
was presented to Charles V, the Holy Roman
Emperor, of the Edict of Augsburg In 1530.
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Germany at war

• Peasants revolt against Luthers beliefs.
• Bands of angry peasants went about the country
  side vandalising monasteries, pillaging and
  burning. (Against protestants).
• Many northern German princes supported
  Lutheranism.
• Other princes didnt support Luther for selfish
  reasons.

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• 1529, German princes who remained loyal to the
  pope, agreed to join forces against Luther's
  ideas and followers.
• Each day, more and more became followers of
  Martin Luther.
• Princes who supported Martin Luther signed a
  protest against that agreement.

• The Holy Roman Emperor Charles was against the
  war.
• After many years of fighting, the Roman Catholic
  Church won the war.
• Despite the fact that Protestantism lost the war,
  there were still many protestants.

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English Reformation

• The protestant Reformation led to the English
  reformation.
• While all the protestant reformation was going on
  in Germany, in England King Henry VIII was trying
  to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.
  Since the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church
  wouldnt divorce Henry and his first wife, he
  decided to form his own church and become
  Protestant. In other words, he broke away from
  the Roman Catholic Church.

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Consequences of English Reformation

• The English Reformation caused a big fuss in
  England since a lot of people had their own
  religion, which was Catholic.
• The people didnt like the idea of having to
  change religion only because the king wanted to
  divorce.