The English Reformation

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The English Reformation
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King Henry VIII B. 1491 D. 1547

• Became king in 1509 18 yrs old
• His brother Arthur died in 1502 at age 15
• Arthur had been married to the Spanish princess
  Catherine of Aragon

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Catherine of Aragon

• Daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of
  Spain
• Married Henry VIII in 1509 what about Arthur?
• 20 year marriage
• Suffered 4 miscarriages and several stillbirths
• Only 1 child lives-Mary (b. 1516)

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The Kings Great Matter

• Henry VIII wanted a male heir Catherine was not
  able to have any more children
• Why not just get a divorce?
• Henry asked for an annulment based on Catherines
  marriage to Arthur. (Leviticus)
• The pope refused to grant it. Why? The Holy
  Roman Emperor was Charles VCatherines nephew.

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The Kings Great Matter

• Affair- Anne Boleyn
• 1529- Henry breaks from the Church
• Irony Henry had once been named Defender of the
  Faith by the pope.
• 1532- Anne becomes pregnant
• 1533- Parliament legalizes his divorce
• 1534- Act of Supremacy

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Anne Boleyn

• 1533- Henry marries Anne and she gives birth
  Elizabeth
• Anne then suffers 2 miscarriages.
• Anne is accused of adultery and beheaded in 1536.

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Dissolution of the Monasteries

• 1536-1539 H8 closed all English monasteries and
  seized wealth and land.
• Catholic Church owned 20 of all land in England.
• Greatly increased Henrys wealth.
• Led to massive poverty among monks and nuns.

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Jane Seymour

• Henry married Jane Seymour 10 days after Annes
  execution.
• She gave birth to his only son, Prince Edward in
  1537, but died 12 days later.
• Henry wanted more sons as insurance.

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Anne of Cleves

• Married Henry in 1540.
• Flanders mare
• Brief marriage was annulled.
• Why? No chemistry.

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Katherine Howard

• Married Henry in 1540.
• He was 49 she was 19.
• She had affairs was beheaded in 1542.

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Katherine Parr

• Married Henry in 1543.
• She was a widow she outlived Henry and remarried
  after his death.
• Kind stepmother. Compared to his 1st wife.

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King Edward VI

• When H8 died in 1547, his only son became king.
• Edward was only 9.
• Govt. was run by Protestant advisors.
• Died in 1553 at the age of 15. (TB)
• His advisors picked his cousin, Jane Grey to
  succeed him. The 9 days queen

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Queen Mary I

• R. 1553-1558
• Known in history as Bloody Mary
• Repealed everything Protestant.
• Turned England back to Catholicism.
• Passed Heresy Act-killed 300 Protestants during
  her reign.

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Queen Elizabeth I
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Elizabeth I (1558-1603)

• Glorified as strongest female monarch in
  Englands history.
• Good Queen Bess
• Known for being tolerant and moderate in
  religious issues.
• Reestablished Protestantism, but not too strict.
• Her changes lasted-The Church of England
  (Anglican Church) is still in place today with
  the same policies she established.