The Reformation

1
The Reformation Counter-Reformation
2
The Reformation
1500's

• 16th Century religious reform movement
• Led to new Christian sects not answerable to the
  Pope
• Also known as the
• PROTESTANT REFORMATION

3
Long Term Causes

• Renaissance- Humanism led people to question
  Church authority
• Political Power shifted to strong Monarchs
• Church Corruption Extravagance

4
Immediate Cause

• German Monk Martin Luther posts 95
  Theses on the door of a church in Wittenberg
• Protested the sale of indulgences

• The Printing Press helped spread his ideas
  throughout Northern Europe

• Luther is excommunicated by Pope Leo X

• Emperor Charles Vs Edict of Worms declares
  Luther an outlaw Heretic

5
Wittenberg Church October 31,1517
6
Martin Luther

• Believed Pope could not grant a pardon for sins
• Believed Christians reached heaven only by faith
  in God
• Priests did not have special powers
• Established the Lutheran Church in Germany

7
John Calvin

• Frenchman lead Protestants in Geneva ,Switzerland
• Believed ideal govt. was a THEOCRACY
• Promoted the idea of PREDESTINATION
• Calvinist led strict, disciplined frugal lives
• Calvinism spread to Germany, France, Scotland
  England

• Many Protestant sects have roots in Calvinism

8
John Knox

• Scottish Preacher brought Calvins teachings to
  Scotland
• Knoxs followers were known as
• Presbyterians

9
Protestantism in England

• Henry the VIII broke with the Catholic Church
  because the Pope refused to annul his marriage to
  Catherine of Aragon
• Parliament passes law ending the Popes power
  over England
• Parliament makes the English King head of
  Englands church
• Henry VIII marries 6 times

10
(No Transcript)
11
Elizabeth I

• Following Henry VIIIs death his 3 children
  eventually ruled
• Edward VI continued Protestant reforms
• Mary returned the English church to the Pope
• Elizabeth I returned kingdom to Protestantism
• Gave tolerance to Catholics
• Aided Dutch Protestant Rebellion against
  SpainDefeated Spanish Armada

12
The Counter Reformation

• Known as the Catholic Reformation
• Purpose was to strengthen Catholic Church keep
  Catholics from converting to Protestantism
• Pope approves new religious orders such as the
  Jesuits
• Pope Paul III Convenes the Bishops at the Council
  of Trent redefining the mission of the church
• Reinforced the Inquisition in Papal territory

13
The Council of Trent 1545 to 1563
14
Long Term Effects of the Reformation

• Religious Unity in Europe was shattered
• Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, other Protestant
  Churches formed
• Lead to anti- Semitism in Europe
• Religious wars break out in Europe for over 100
  years

15
(No Transcript)
16
Religous Conflicts
The Peasants War- 1524-1526 (German States) Peace
of Augsburg ended fighting between Charles V
German Lutheran Princes Wars of Religion
(1562-1598) French Huguenots vs. French Catholics
( Edict of Nantes) The Thirty Years War
(1618-1648) involved Catholics Protestants from
various European Countries
17
(No Transcript)