Martin Luther Starts the Reformation

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Martin Luther Starts the Reformation

• Martin Luthers protest over abuses in the
  Catholic Church led to the founding of Protestant
  churches.

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I. CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION

• Secular and humanistic ideas challenged church
  authority
• B. Germans resisted payment to the church in Rome
• C. Problems in the Catholic Church
• 1. Corruption (especially Popes)
• 2. Illiterate priests
• D. Early Calls for Reform
• 1. John Wycliffe and Jan Hus
• 2. People of Florence burned possessions

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II. LUTHER CHALLENGES THE CHURCH

• A. Martin Luther----------------------------
• Opposed Indulgences
• pardons for sins or
• crimes committed which
• were purchased

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• B. The 95 Theses
• 1. Oct. 31, 1517!!
• 2. Nailed the 95 Theses to a church and asked for
  open debate
• 3. Reformationmovement of religious reform

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• 4. 3 Main Ideas
• a. People could win salvation only by faith in
  Gods gift of
• forgiveness. The Church taught that faith
  and good works were
• required for salvation.
• b. All Church teachings should be
• clearly based on the words of the
• Bible. The pope and church
• traditions were false authorities.
• c. All people with faith were equal.
• Therefore, people did not need
• priests to interpret the Bible for
• them.

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III. THE RESPONSE TO LUTHER

• A. The Popes Threat
• 1. Leo excommunicated Luther
• B. The Emperors Opposition
• 1. Holy Roman Emperor issued Edict of Worms
• a. declared Luther a heretic
• b. Luther translated the Bible into German while
  in hiding
• c. Followers became Lutherans

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• C. The Peasants Revolt
• 1. In response to serfdom, peasants across the
  German countryside revolted.
• 2. Luther urged princes to show no mercy to end
  revolt
• 3. Over 100,000 killed
• Luther lost some influence over peasants but
  remained influential
• D. Germany at War
• 1. Protestant-protest of the Church
• 2. Princes signed protest against Church, led
  to war

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Peace of Augsburg(1555)Religion of each German
state would be decided by that states ruler
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The Reformation Spreads to England
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IV. ENGLAND BECOMES PROTESTANT

• A. Henry VIII Wants a Son
• 1. 42 year old wife Catherine of Aragon had not
  produced a male heir
• 2. Pope denied annulment of marriage
• a. Catherines nephew was Holy Roman Emperor

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• B. The Reformation Parliament
• 1. Henry VIII asked Parliament to end Popes
  power in England
• 2. He married Anne Boleyn
• 3. Act of Supremacy passed
• made King, not Pope,
• the head of the Church
• of England

'A woman who is the scandal of Christendom.' -Kat
harine of Aragon describes her rival, 1531
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• C. Consequences of Henrys Changes
• 1. Seized church land (20 of England)
• 2. Henry has 6 wives (3rd one gave him a son,
  Edward)
• 3. Daughter Mary (Bloody Mary) supports
  Catholicism
• D. Elizabeth Restores Protestantism
• 1. Establishes state run Anglican Church (Church
  of England)
• a. Priests could marry
• b. Services in English
• E. The Spanish Armada
• 130 ships attacked England-England defeated
  Spanish

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Next.The Reformation Continues
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The Reformation Continues

• John Calvin and other Reformation leaders began
  new Protestant churches. The Catholic Church
  also made reforms.

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I. CALVIN BEGINS ANOTHER PROTESTANT CHURCH

• A. Calvin and His Teachings
• 1. Men and women are sinful by nature
• 2. God chooses few people to save
• a. PredestinationGod knew from the beginning of
  time who will be saved
• i. (What effect would predestination have on
  peoples lives?)
• b. Calvinismreligion based on Calvins teachings

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• B. Calvin Runs Geneva
• 1. Ideal government is a Theocracygovernment
  controlled by religious leaders
• 2. Calvin runs Geneva
• a. Strict rules
• i. No bright colors
• ii. No card playing
• iii. Religious classes mandatory
• b. Geneva model city to Protestants

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II. OTHER REFORMERS

• A. The Anabaptists
• 1. Needed to be baptized again as an adult
• 2. Separation of church and state and refused to
  fight in wars
• influenced Amish and
• Quakers
• B. Women of the Reformation
• 1. Women protected reformers
• 2. As Protestant religion grew, womens roles
  were diminished

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III. THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION

1. Many who remained loyal to Catholic Church
   reformed the church itself
2. Based upon what you have seen in the Protestant
   Reformation, make a TO DO list for the Roman
   Catholic Church

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