The Protestant Reformation - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Protestant Reformation

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The Protestant Reformation Causes Abuses by Church Officials sale of indulgences corruption uneducated clergy clergy does not follow church rules Causes Secularism ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Protestant Reformation


1
The Protestant Reformation
2
Causes
  • Abuses by Church Officials
  • sale of indulgences
  • corruption
  • uneducated clergy
  • clergy does not follow church rules

3
Causes
  • Secularism and humanism challenge church
    authority
  • Kings challenge power of Pope
  • Printing Press spreads new ideas rapidly

4
Events
  • Church Reformers in the 15th century (Jan Hus,
    John Wycliffe, Savonarola)
  • Martin Luthers 95 Theses 1517 in Wittenberg
  • critizes sale of indulgences

5
  • Jan Hus (1369-1415)

6
  • Martin Luther (1483-1546)

7
Events
  • Luther asks for full reform of Catholic Church
  • Pope Leo X bans Luthers works
  • Luther declared outlaw by German Emperor Charles
    V.
  • Luther goes into hiding and translates the Bible
    into German

8
  • Charles V. (1500-1558)

9
Luthers Main Ideas
  • Salvation achieved only through Grace of God
  • Truth only in Bible - People have to read Bible
    themselves
  • Church cant forgive sins based on money
    contributions

10
Effects
  • End of religious unity
  • New protestant churches
  • Kings increase power over church
  • Religious wars and persecution
  • Education becomes more important

11
The Holy Roman Empire
  • German Peasants revolt to end serfdom
  • German Princes split between Lutheran and
    Catholic doctrines
  • Charles V. fights war against Protestant princes

12
The Holy Roman Empire
  • Peace of Augsburg in 1555 gives Germany an uneasy
    60 year peace
  • Subjects have to follow the religion of their
    ruler
  • Conflicts between Protestant and Catholics lead
    to 30-Years-War (1618-1648)

13
Holy Roman Empire
  • Peace of Westphalia (1648)
  • - Protestant Princes are fully accepted, have
    hegemony over their territory
  • Power of Holy Roman Emperor effectively weakened,
    no common foreign policy
  • France, England become more influential than Holy
    Roman Empire

14
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15
England
  • Pope refuses to annul Henry VIII. marriage with
    Catherine of Aragon
  • Henry VIII breaks away from Catholicism and
    founds Anglican Church

16
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17
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18
England
  • Henry confiscates lands of the church
  • King of England Head of Church
  • Power of Kings increases in England
  • Wars of Religion in England
  • Protestantism becomes dominant under Elizabeth I.

19
France
  • Protestant Minority Hugeonots
  • Civil War between Hugenots and Catholics
  • Hugenot leader converts to Catholicism (Paris is
    worth a mass.), grants protestanst limited
    religious freedom (Edict of Nantes)

20
Massacre of St. Bartholemews Day
21
Other Reformers
  • John Calvin
  • John Knox Presbyterian Church
  • Huguenots in France
  • Anabaptists Radical Community that believes in
    equal property for everybody

22
Reaction of the Church
  • Luther excommunicated
  • Counterreformation
  • Council of Trent
  • Inquisition
  • Jesuit Order Establishes Catholic schools all
    over the World

23
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