Spread of The cold War

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Spread of The cold War
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atomic bomb
NUCLEAR AGE

• The world would now live with the threat of
  nuclear war.
• Arms race between Soviet Union and U.S. who could
  build the most nuclear weapons.
• U.S. would use nuclear weapons as a deterrent
• Peace through strength
• nuclear diplomacy

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The Arms RaceA Missile Gap?

• The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in
  1949.
• Now there were two nuclear superpowers!

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Brinkmanship

• Belief that only going to the brink of war would
  protect the U.S. from going to war with the
  Soviet Union.
• U.S. would threaten mass retaliation with Soviet
  Union in order to try to get them to back off.

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Suez Crisis

• Egypts president Gamal Abdel Nasser tried to
  construct a dam on the Nile River.
• U.S. and Britain offered to pay for project but
  Nasser began communicating with Soviet Union and
  Recognized the Peoples Republic of China.
• Eisenhower administration withdrew its offer.

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Suez Crisis

• In Response, Nasser Nationalized the Suez Canal
  making it under government control.
• Before it was managed by the British and French
  and protected with British armed forces.
• This threatened the flow of Middle Eastern oil to
  Europe.

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Suez Crisis

• Britain and France teamed up with Israel to try
  to get the land back without consulting the U.S.
• President Eisenhower did not like this and
  refused to support them.
• As a result of lack of U.S. support, Britain,
  France, and Israel were forced to withdraw its
  troops.

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Eisenhower Doctrine

• Stated that the U.S. would use force to help any
  Middle Eastern nation threatened by communism.

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CIA

• Central Intelligence Agency- 1947
• Intelligence gathering organization.
• 1953 helped install a new government in Iran and
  in 1954 same thing in Guatemala
• Both helped to place anticommunist leaders in
  power and also created long term resentment
  toward U.S.

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The Race for Space
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1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK I

• Facts on Sputnik
• Aluminum sphere, 23 inches in diameter weighing
  184 pounds with four steel antennae emitting
  radio signals.
• Launched Oct. 4, 1957
• Stayed in orbit 92 days, until Jan. 4, 1958

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1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK I

• Effects on the United States
• Americans fear a Soviet attack with missile
  technology

• Americans resolved to regain technological
  superiority over the Soviet Union
• In July 1958, President Eisenhower created NASA
  or National Space and Aeronautics Agency
• 1958 --gt National Defense Education Act

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Effects of Sputnik on United States

• Atomic Anxieties
• Duck-and-Cover Generation

• Atomic Testing
• Between July 16, 1945 and Sept. 23, 1992, the
  United States conducted 1,054 official nuclear
  tests, most of them at the Nevada Test Site.

Americans began building underground bomb
shelters and cities had underground fallout
shelters.
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Cold War Technology

• 1948- Microwave
• 1946- Computer
• 1948- Hang Glider
• 1958- Nuclear Energy Plant

• 1960- Communications Satellite
• 1070s- Smoke Detector
• 1980s- Global Positioning System

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