ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR

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ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR

• Why did it happen?
• Incompatible systems
• Resentment from WWII
• The UN
• First meeting
• Branches
• Purposes
• Truman v. Stalin
• Differing post WWII goals
• Action-Reaction or Cause and Effect
• Satellite nations leads to containment policy

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• 1946 speeches heat things up
• Stalin and Churchill (the Iron Curatin)

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• From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the
  Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the
  Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals
  of the ancient states of Central and Eastern
  Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest,
  Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous
  cities and the populations around them lie in
  what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are
  subject in one form or another, not only to
  Soviet influence but to a very high and, in some
  cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow.
  Athens alone -- Greece with its immortal glories
  -- is free to decide its future at an election
  under British, American and French observation.
  The Russian-dominated Polish Government has been
  encouraged to make enormous and wrongful inroads
  upon Germany, and mass expulsions of millions of
  Germans on a scale grievous and undreamed-of are
  now taking place. The Communist parties, which
  were very small in all these Eastern States of
  Europe, have been raised to pre-eminence and
  power far beyond their numbers and are seeking
  everywhere to obtain totalitarian control. Police
  governments are prevailing in nearly every case,
  and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no
  true democracy.

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• State of hostility created becomes known as the
  Cold War
• Early Cold War battles include
• Truman Doctrine
• Marshall Plan
• Unification of Germany
• Berlin Blockade/Airlift
• Formation of NATO
• Point Four Plan

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The Truman Doctrine

• Provided Greece and Turkey with over 400 million
  to rebuild and prevent the spread of communism
  into there nations

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The Marshall Plan

• Sect. of State George Marshalls plan to help
  Western Europe recover from war and prevent
  spread of communism

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Situation in Germany

• US wants Germany to be productive, so in 1948
  they unify their sectors
• Stalin is enraged he implements the Berlin
  Blockade
• US response becomes known as the Berlin Airlift
• USSR backs off 11 months later

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The Berlin Airlift
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Outcome of Berlin Airlift

• USSR looks bad-guys, US looks like good-guys
• By 1949 West Germany is formed with Bonn as
  capital and East Germany is formed with East
  Berlin as capital

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NATOvs. Warsaw Pact

• Fearing further Soviet aggression, US forms NATO
  in 1949
• 1st peacetime military alliance in US history
• By 1955, Soviets create Warsaw Pact

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Truman does battle at home

• Truman was given task of converting US back to a
  peacetime nation
• Truman vs. soldiers
• GI Bill
• AEC
• Economic troubles
• Material shortages, strikes(most were over
  wages), inflation(prices up 25)
• 1946 midterms
• Taft-Hartley Act, lower income taxes, cut social
  programs, 22nd Amendment, Presidential Succession
  Act

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• Truman, The Fair Deal and Congress
• Civil Rights
• Foreign policy record
• Do Nothing, Good for Nothing 80th Congress
• 1948 Election
• Republicans-Dewey and Warren
• Democrats split, wound up with Truman
• Dixiecrats-racisits
• Progressives-communists
• Truman v. Dewey
• Truman v. 80th Congress
• Despite many predicting a Dewey win, Truman wins
  a narrow victory

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• Truman and Congress
• New Red Scare
• Loyalty Review Board
• HUAC
• Hiss
• Atomic bomb spy case
• China falling
• McCarthy
• McCarran Internal Security Act
• Rosenberg Spy Case
• Korean War
• Post WWII situation
• North Korea invades
• UN action

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• Limited war
• US led UN action
• Pusan
• Inchon
• New objective
• China
• Yalu River Valley Offensive/Battle of the Chosin
  Reservior
• New War
• Truman V. MacArthur
• Stalemate
• Cease fire
• Outcomes
• Other US actions around the world