The Cold War Era 1945-1989

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The Cold War Era1945-1989
The Soviet Union
The United States
Communism
Capitalism Democracy
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Comprehension Questions

• What is the purpose of the United Nations?
• What happened in Eastern Europe?
• Who controlled Germany after the war?
• What was containment?

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The United Nations1945-Present

• Was created in April of 1945, when
  representatives from 50 nations met in San
  Francisco, California.
• Its purpose is to provide peaceful resolutions to
  the worlds problems.

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United Nations (cont.)
Security Council of the United Nations
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Beginning of the Cold War

• The Cold War was a struggle for power between the
  U.S. and the Soviet Union.
• The U.S. wanted to spread democracy and
  capitalism while the Soviet Union wanted to
  spread communism.

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Beginning of the Cold War (cont.)

• After WWII, the Soviet Union forced the countries
  in Eastern Europe to become communist.
• Winston Churchill called Stalins communist
  Eastern Europe an Iron Curtain. It described
  the invisible wall that surrounded these
  communist countries. It divided Europe.

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Communist Eastern Europe

• Although he had promised the Allies free
  elections in Eastern Europe, Joseph Stalin
  decided to install communist governments.

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The Berlin Airlift

• After WWII, Germany was divided into four parts
  each one controlled by a different superpower
  the U.S., Great Britain, France and the Soviet
  Union.

• In 1948, the U.S., Britain and France united
  their part of Germany into one nation West
  Germany.

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Berlin Division of the City

• Germanys capital, Berlin, which was in the
  Soviet-controlled part of Germany, had also been
  divided into four parts.

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The Berlin Airlift (cont.)

• The Soviet Union decided to NOT allow supplies
  going to West Berlin from West Germany to cross
  their part of the country by trucks or trains.
• The U.S. and Britain decided to fly in all the
  supplies needed into West Berlin. They did this
  for one year until the Soviet Union gave up their
  blockade.
• West Berlin remained a democratic city inside of
  communist East Germany.

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The Berlin Airlift (cont.)

• Planes flew in and out of West Berlin every
  minute of the day.

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The Berlin Airlift
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U.S. Policy Against Communism

• The U.S. policy against communism was outlined in
  the Truman Doctrine it was called containment
  (to stop something from spreading).
• Containment meant that the U.S. would help
  nations that were fighting to remain free from
  communism.
• The U.S. decided to help the rest of Europe
  reconstruct so that they would have strong
  economies and they would not turn to communism.

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Comprehension Questions

• What two events happened in 1949?
• What was the arms race?
• What were the two major wars the United States
  fought during the Cold War?
• What was the Cuban missile Crisis?

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Arms Race

• In 1949, the Soviet Union exploded its first
  nuclear bomb. This began a race between the USSR
  and the US to make the most amount of bombs.
• While the US led the race the entire time, by the
  1970s both countries had made more nuclear bombs
  than what they could really use.

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Arms Race (cont.)
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Arms Race (cont.)
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Red China

• In 1949, after a civil war, the communist party
  won in China.
• China became an ally of the USSR and helped
  spread communism.
• The US did not work with or recognize the
  communist Chinese government until 1978.

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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization

• NATO was an alliance started in 1949 by the
  United States and Western European countries to
  protect themselves, mainly from communism.
• In 1955, the Soviet Union formed an alliance with
  the communist Eastern European countries called
  The Warsaw Pact.

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NATO and The Warsaw Pact
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The Wars of the Cold War

• While the United States and the Soviet Union
  never actually fought, many wars did happen over
  spread of democracy and capitalism.
• The United States fought two major wars in the
  name of containing communism
• The Korean War, 1950-1953
• Vietnam War, mid-1950s to 1975

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The Korean War, 1950-1953

• The Korean War started when communist North Korea
  invaded South Korea. The United States and The
  U.N. sent troops to help South Korea.
• In the end, the North Koreans were forced to
  retreat and South Korea remained democratic.
  Over 38,000 U.S. soldiers died in this war.

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Pictures of the Korean War
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Vietnam War, 1950s-1975

• In the 1950s, a struggle happened between
  communists and non-communists in South Vietnam.
  The United States slowly began helping the
  non-communists.
• By the mid to late 1960s, the US had thousands of
  troops in Vietnam fighting communist North
  Vietnamese.

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Vietnam War (cont.)

• The U.S lost the fight in Vietnam. By 1975
  Americans were tired of the war. Vietnam became
  communist. Over 58,000 Americans were killed in
  this war.

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Vietnam War Map
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Vienam War Pictures
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Vietnam War Protest

• Many Americans disagreed with the war because
  they didnt think we needed to be there much
  like the war in Iraq today.

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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962

• This was the closest the US and the USSR came
  to war. The USSR was attempting to install
  nuclear weapons in Cuba. The US quarantined the
  island threatening to to destroy any Soviet ships
  that tried to enter Cuba. The USSR finally agreed
  to remove them.

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President Nixons Détente

• President Richard Nixons Cold War policy was
  called détente, a French word meaning relaxation
  of tension.
• 1972 SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) an
  agreement between the US and the USSR that
  limited their offensive weapons to those they
  already had or were producing.
• 1979 SALT II limited the number of missiles and
  long-range bombers each nation could build.

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SDI (Strategic Missile Defense)

• SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative) In 1983,
  President Ronald Reagan increased military
  spending and proposed SDI as the next step in
  defense. It would use satellites and lasers to
  shoot down incoming missiles. It would cost
  billions of dollars and many scientists were
  skeptical about it working.

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End of the Cold War

• Several events in the 1980s began unraveling the
  Cold War in 1989, one major event was when
  Germans in Berlin began taking down the wall and
  the Soviet army did not stop them.
• Soon after, former Soviet countries had free
  elections and became democratic, including Russia.

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Modern European Map
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Berlin Wall