Cold War Enters The 1960s w/JFK

1
Cold War Enters The 1960s w/JFK
2
1960 Presidential Election

• John F. Kennedy (D) vs. Richard Nixon (R)
• JFK Young, confident, well-org. campaign
  w/backing of wealthy fam., Catholic
• JFK civil rights advocate gained A.A. support
  votes
• New Campaign Strategy
• T.V. debates affect votes/impacts politics

3
Inspiring Inauguration

• Called for hope, commitment sacrifice

• And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your
  country can do for you . . .ask what you can do
  for your country.
• Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well
  or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any
  burden, meet any hardship, support any friend,
  oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival
  and the success of liberty. 

4
Kennedy Mystique

• New atmosphere in D.C. a pos. energy w/a
  good-looking 1st family
• Press public loved him
• Smooth style, grace wit
• Family fascinating to public
• Trendsetters

5
New Prez. New Military Policy

• JFK passed flexible response increase
  nonnuclear options - 1961
• ? defense spending on nonnuclear forces
• Created Special Forces (Seals, Green Berets,
  Delta)
• Also tripled nuclear weapons arsenal

6
Crises Over Cuba

• Fidel Castro came to power 1959
• Commie dictator/tyrant
• Received S.U. aid
• Seized U.S. G.B. oil refineries U.S. sugar
  biz.
• U.S. responded w/trade barriers
• Killed those against him 10 of pop.
  fled to U.S.
• Che Guevara (Butcher of Cuba)

7
Bay of Pigs Incident

• CIA train Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro
• Ordered by Pres. Eisen. Mar. 1960
• Hoped to trigger a massive uprising
• JFK learned of plan 9 days after election
  approved it

8
(No Transcript)
9
cont.

• Overthrow 4/17/61 catastrophe
• Castro captured killed/imprisoned exiles
• JFK embarrassed
• Negotiated for release of captured exiles
• Paid 53 mil. ransom (angers U.S. military
  leaders)
• Castro claimed victory over U.S.
• Khrushchev sent S.U. weapons including nuc.
  missiles to Castro to defend Cuba against another
  U.S. attack
• Fall 1961 Summer 1962

10
Berlin Crisis Part II

• 3 mil. left E. Germ. to W. Germ. (since airlift)
• Showed failure of E. Germ. commie gov.
• Weakened countrys econ.

• Khrush. demanded U.S. abandon support 4 W. Germ.
• JFK We cannot will not permit the Communists
  to drive us out of Berlin. This is the great
  testing place of Western courage will.

11
cont.

• Khrush. builds wall E. W. Berlin 8/13/61
• Prevent peeps. from escaping to W. Germ.
• 100 miles long 13 ft high

• ? tensions
• Wall becomes symbol of Cold War

12
(No Transcript)
13
Vietnam Crisis

• U.N. Geneva Accords Vietnam _at_ 17th parallel -
  1954
• N. Vietnam communist Ho Chi Minh
• S. Vietnam anticommunist Ngo Dinh Diem
• U.S. econ. milit. advisors to S.V.
• Began sending 1955 16,000 - end of 63
• Train S.V. troops CONTAINMENT

14
S.V. Problems

• Border skirmishes w/N.V.
• Unrest w/S.V. peeps
• Diem not religiously tolerant acted more like a
  tyrant
• Diem doesnt want U.S. control ignores
  advice refused U.N. reunification elections

June 1963
15
cont.

• Kennedy wanted to withdraw U.S. advisors
• S.V. involvement not fully supported by Ams.
  Its their war
• Not all military leaders wanted to withdraw
• Remove Diem Stay fight commies Look weak if
  withdraw
• Unapproved U.S. military coup against Diem
  killed 11/1/63

16
Summarize CTQs

• Recap what you have learned about JFK and the
  Cold War in a college level paragraph (6-7
  well-thought sentences)
• Create 1 CTQ _at_ Level 6. ?