Cold War

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Cold War
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• World War II is over
• Public wants troops home but Truman wants to keep
  them in Europe Asia
• Eventually reduced from 12 million to 3 million

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• People start spending money
• Slight inflation and then union / labor problems,
  but economy will eventually boom
• Returning soldiers want to have families Baby
  Boomers are born

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• 1945 Yalta Conference Superpowers had agreed
  to leave occupied countries when war was over.
  Stalin promised to have free elections in Eastern
  Europe
• This did not happen

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• Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania are kept by USSR
• a puppet regime is installed in Poland and then
  other nations
• political opponents shot, borders were sealed so
  people couldnt escape
• 1948 7 Eastern European nations become Soviet
  Satellites
• Yugoslavia is independent of USSR but controlled
  by dictator Marshall Tito

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• Containment Policy appeasement failed before
  WWII so now we would try to contain the
  Communists and not let them take over anywhere
  else
• 1947 USA sends 400 million to Greece and
  Turkey to help fight against communists who
  wanted to take over there

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• Truman Doctrine I believe it must be the
  policy of the US to support free peoples who are
  resisting attempted subjugation by armed
  minorities or outside pressures

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Marshall Plan

• 1947 Secretary of State George Marshall
• Over 3 years we gave 12 Billion to 16 nations in
  Western Europe
• 1) help Europe recover
• 2) stop communism
• 3) ensure healthy trade partners for the USA

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• Germany split in half
• East Germany Communist
• West Germany Democracy
• Berlin Airlift 1948 -1949

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• Berlin becomes a city split in two West East,
  but it itself is in Eastern Germany
• Stalin blockades all routes to West Berlin
• We airlifted Food and supplies to them for over a
  year
• Stalin gives in and reopens routes
• USA, Canada, Iceland and 9 other West European
  States form NATO (North Atlantic Treaty
  Organization) pledged to defend each other
• 1955 Soviet Union forms Warsaw Pact

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• 1949 Russia explodes its first Atom Bomb

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Israel

• May 1948 Declared its independence
• Recognized by Truman
• David Ben-Gurion 1st prime minister
• Democracy
• Jewish

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• Arabic Muslim neighboring countries immediately
  go to war with Israel
• They lose
• Several wars fought since then Jews are
  undefeated
• Most countries still want to destroy Israel today
• Constantly attacked by terrorists since the
  Intifadah

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Why?
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PLO

• Palestinian Liberation Organization
• Yasser Arafat (now dead)
• Islamic refuges from the wars
• Israel offered to take them back, they refused
• Other Muslim countries will not take them in
  because they want them to be a thorn in the side
  of the Jews
• Constantly uses terrorist attacks

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ELO
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China

• Civil War that started before WWII continues
• Mao Zedong communists
• Jiang Jeishi (Chiang Kai Shek) nationalists
• Mao wins

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• Great Leap Forward (1958-62) total communism
• Agricultural Cooperatives People no longer
  allowed to live in private homes, children taken
  by the state
• Industry declines, food shortages millions die

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• Cultural Revolution (1966 1976)
• Purge of any non-communist or western thought,
  supported by the youth
• Many more die

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Back to the USA

• Congress forms HUAC House Committee on
  Un-American Activities in 1947, started
  investigating Hollywood
• 1948 HUAC investigates Alger Hiss, a former State
  Department official he was a spy for the
  Soviets
• 1950 Klaus Fuchs, worked on A-Bomb in Los
  Alamos confessed to being a spy, identified Ethel
  Julius Rosenberg, both spies they were
  executed in 1953

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• 1950 Senator Joseph McCarthy says he has list
  of 200 names, never actually shows anyone the
  list
• Popular for about 4 years

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• June 25, 1950 North Korea invades South Korea
• UN (USA) goes to the aid of South Korea
• Chinese enter the war
• MacArthur accuses Truman of fighting a limited
  war (he was)
• 1952 Eisenhower elected (Ike), said I shall go
  to Korea
• Ike secretly tells NK and China that hell use
  nukes
• NK agrees to set border at 38th parallel

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The Koreas Today
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• John Foster Dulles Sect. State, came up with
  policy of Massive Retaliation

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• 3rd world uprisings start to occur
• Stalin starts contest to see who can hold their
  breath the longest, new Soviet leader is Nikita
  Khrushchev
• Our relations with Soviets slightly better
• 1960, U-2 Spy plane shot down over Russia, Ike
  doesnt apologize

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• US economy is up
• TV hits the nation
• Rock Roll mix of black blues and gospel and
  white country music
• Elvis
• If I could find a white man who had the Negro
  sound and the Negro feel I could make a million
  dollars. Sam Phillips

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• Sputnik 1957 Soviets launch first man-made
  satellite

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1960

• Nixon (R) vs. Kennedy (D) TV debates
• JFK wins by 120,000 votes
• Massive Retaliation changes to Flexible Response
• 1961 Peace Corp created

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Bay of Pigs

• 1959 Cuban gov. overthrown by Fidel Castro
  communist, signed trade agreement with USSR
• Ike breaks off trade with Cuba
• CIA planned to take Cuban refugees train them
  to invade Cuba and start rebellion
• JFK takes over and approves
• April 17, 1961 they invaded
• JFK didnt approve air strike and no popular
  uprising happened in Cuba so it failed horribly

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Berlin Wall

• 1961 Khrushchev orders Wall built to separate
  East from West and keep the people from escaping
  into the West.
• 1963 JFK goes to West Berlin and gives famous
  speech pledging our support of a free Berlin

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Cuban Missile Crises

• Oct 16, 1962 Soviets put nukes in Cuba
• Advisors want an air strike
• JFK goes on TV and explains situation to the
  people, announced a blockade of Cuba until
  missiles are removed
• Oct 22 Soviet ships approach our ships and then
  turn back
• Oct 24 Made secret deal with Soviets, they
  would remove their missiles if we removed ours in
  Turkey and promised not to attack Cuba

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JFKs domestic policy

• Tax Cuts
• Urban renewal, fighting poverty failed
• Space program boosted to beat Russia to the Moon
  1969 Neil Armstrong lands on the Moon for the
  USA

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• Nov 22, 1963 JFK campaigning in Dallas, Texas
• He is assassinated

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• Lee Harvey Oswald blamed
• He is then shot by Jack Ruby
• Conspiracy theories still strong today
• Lyndon Baines Johnson becomes president

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LBJ

• Wants to Build the Great Society
• Wins election in 1964
• Declares War on Poverty Office of Economic
  Oppression is created
• War on Poverty shifts us toward Socialism, lots
  of money spent, failed to reach its goals

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• Civil Rights Act of 1964 employees couldnt
  deny you a job because of race, sex, or religion
• Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren,
  Judicial Activism