A%20period%20of%20change

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1960's

• A period of change
• Unit 9 New Frontier
• Unit 10 Great Society
• Unit 10 Vietnam

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Election of 1960

• John F. Kennedy- Democratic
• Richard M. Nixon-Republican
• First election debate to be televised.
• That night, image replaced the printed word as
  the national language of politics.
• Kennedy won with the closest election with only
  119,000 votes differences.

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John F. Kennedy 1960

• JFK became the 35th president of the US in 1961.
• Wealthy family and handsome
• Catholic
• Senator from Massachusetts
• Jackie- his wife
• Second youngest president in US history

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Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy
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John F Kennedy

• Campaign slogan- New Frontier
• Ask not what your country can do for you Ask
  what you can do for your country
• Robert (Bobby) Kennedy was appointed Attorney
  General of US

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Third World Nations

• Underdeveloped countries economically.
• Alliance for Progress- program where the US aids
  Latin America countries to develop.

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Peace Corps

• A program that John Kennedy wanted For young
  Americans to help the people around the world.

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Nikita Khrushchev

• New leader of the USSR.

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Bay of Pigs 1961

• Site where Cuban exiles backed by the US
  attempted to overthrow Castro and were defeated.
  President Kennedy had the option of using the
  U.S. Air Force against the Cubans but decided
  against it.

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Berlin Wall August 13, 1961

• Built in 1961 and considered the greatest symbol
  of the Cold War
• Kennedy went to Berlin in 1963
• Today I am a Berliner

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Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962

• The Soviets were planning in installing nuclear
  weapons in Cuba.
• A time when the US came closer to nuclear war
  than any other time.
• 10 days in October
• U-2 spy plane discovered missile launching pads
  in Cuba.
• We were eyeball to eyeball and the other guy
  just blinked Sec. State Dean Rusk

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Dallas Texas November 22, 1963

• A motorcade traveling thru Dallas with Kennedy,
  Jacqueline, John Connelly and his wife Nellie.

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Lyndon Baines Johnson

• Johnson's Swearing-in Ceremony aboard Air Force
  One

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Lee Harvey Oswald

• According to four government investigations, he
  is the lone shooter responsible for the
  assassination of JFK on November 22, 1963.

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Jack Ruby

• A man who shot Lee Harvey Oswald and found guilty.

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Arlington National Cemetery
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Earl Warren Commission

• Supreme Court Chief Justice and the commission
  state that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone.
• Single bullet theory.

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Lyndon Baines Johnson

• Becomes US president after Kennedy is pronounced
  dead.
• LBJ is from Texas

www.whitehousehistory.org
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Election of 1964

• Lyndon B.Johnson-Democratic
• Barry Goldwater-Republican

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LBJ programs Great Society

• He signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
• War on Poverty
• VISTA-people with education would help others
• Job Corp- trains unemployed, poor, uneducated
  young people
• Head start- prepares poor children to start
  school
• Upward Bound- helps poor high school students get
  into college
• Food Stamps- helps people to keep from starving.
• Free school lunches- helped hungry children

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• Medicare- provided hospital insurance and low
  cost medical insurance for almost every American
  age 65 or older.
• Medicaid- extended health insurance to welfare
  recipients.

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HUD Housing Urban Development

• Housing and Urban development helps to develop
  the inner city to life again provide housing
  for the poor.
• Reapportionment- or the way states redraw
  election districts based on the changing number
  of people in them.

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Counter culture

• Against traditional values of the past.
• Hippies-members of the counter culture.
• make love not war
• Sexual revolution- time brought about by the
  introduction of birth control.
• Woodstock- August 1969 music festival in New
  York for 3 days

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Counter Culture

• Tom Hayden- began the SDS-Students for Democratic
  Society
• UC Berkeley- college where SDS students took over
  administration building.
• Haight-Ashbury- neighborhood in San Francisco
  where hippies were drawn to.

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• AIM- Native American group Protested against the
  injustices and prejudices of Native Americans
• UFW- United Farm Workers Chicano (Mexican
  American) group boycott led by Cesar Chavez Si
  Se Puede!
• On August 16th, Cesar Chavez fasted to protest
  pesticide usage.
• La Raza- Bilingual education, cultural
  diversity

Alcatraz
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Womens Liberation Movement

• N.O.W.-National Organization of Women-said women
  should receive equal pay.
• Betty Freidan- Feminine Mystique
• Gloria Steinman- founder of MS. magazine

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Betty Freidan

• Wrote the book, Feminine Mystique in 1963.
• In her book, she depicted the roles of women in
  industrial societies.
• She focused most of her attention on the
  housewife role of women.
• She referred to the problem of gender roles as
  "the problem without a name".
• The book became a bestseller and was the cause
  for the second wave of feminism in the 60s.

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Feminism

• 1963- Equal Pay Act- banned paying women less
  than men for equal work.
• 1972- Equal Rights Amendment- simple justice

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Unit 10Vietnam War 1965-1975

• Previously owned by France.

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Ho Chi Minh

• He was a communist leader of North Vietnam.
• He first opposed the French.
• Vietnam had been a French colony since 1861.

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How did the US get involved

• US President Eisenhower refused to intervene on
  Frances side in Vietnam.

The Geneva Accords divide Vietnam in half at the
17th parallel, with Ho Chi Minh's Communists
ceded the North, while Bao Dai's regime is
granted the South. The accords also provide for
elections to be held in all of Vietnam within two
years to reunify the country. The U.S. opposes
the unifying elections, fearing a likely victory
by Ho Chi Minh.
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North and South Vietnam

• Divided at the 17 parallel line.
• Hanoi is the capital of North Vietnam
• Saigon is the capital of South Vietnam
• Domino Theory- idea that if one country fell to
  communist, others would follow.

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Ngo Dinh Diem

• South Vietnam president.
• He was anti communist, but corrupt.
• Diem was Catholic.
• He angered Buddhist by seizing their land.
• Placing restrictions on Buddhists practices.

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Buddhist monks

• To demonstrate against Diems government.
• They would burn themselves with gasoline.

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Self -immolation
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General Westmoreland

• General of US forces in Vietnam.
• Close advisor to LBJ

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Vietnam terms

• Viet Cong- North Vietnamese communists
• Nicknames VC, Charlie
• Guerilla tactics-hit and run
• Undeclared war- nickname of the Vietnam War.
• Thieu- replaces Diem as President
• Credibility Gap- What LBJ told Americans and what
  journalists reported

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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

• Allowed US president to take all precautions
  necessary to protect American forces overseas.

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LBJ escalates the war

• Ho Chi Minh Trail- a supply line, that begins in
  North Vietnam through Laos Cambodia into South
  Vietnam.

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Anti Vietnam War Protestors
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Draft Dodgers
A draft dodger, draft evader or draft resister is
a person who avoids performing compulsory
military service. A military deserter is a
member of the armed forces who abandons his or
her post without permission and has no intention
of returning. Silent Majority- supporters of the
War
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Weapons used in Vietnam

• Napalm- flammable jellylike gasoline used to burn
  areas
• Agent Orange- defoliant
• Helicopters
• F-14 jets

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Pacification

• Pacification-idea to win the hearts and minds of
  the people of Vietnam.
• Body count- idea of having a quota of dead Viet
  Cong.
• Vietnamization- train South Vietnamese to fight
  and pull out Americans

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• Reasons we won in WWII
• Average age 26
• In service until victory
• Clearly defined cause
• News was censored
• Few draft exemptions
• Declared War

• Reasons we lost in Vietnam
• Average age 19
• In service for 1 year
• Unsure of reason
• New was not censored
• Draft exemptions
• Undeclared War

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My Lai

• As the "search and destroy" mission unfolded, it
  soon degenerated into the massacre of over 300
  apparently unarmed civilians including women,
  children, and the elderly. Calley ordered his men
  to enter the village firing, though there had
  been no report of opposing fire. According to
  eyewitness reports offered after the event,
  several old men were bayoneted, praying women and
  children were shot in the back of the head, and
  at least one girl was raped and then killed. For
  his part, Calley was said to have rounded up a
  group of the villagers, ordered them into a
  ditch, and mowed them down in a fury of machine
  gun fire.
• www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/trenches/my_lai.html
  

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1968 What a year

• TET Offensive- turning point of the war
• LBJ did not run for re election
• Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated April
• Robert Kennedy assassinated June
• Democratic National Convention-Chicago
• USS Pueblo ship captured by N. Vietnam
• Summer Olympics held in Mexico City where student
  riots were taking place.

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Robert Kennedy

• Sirhan-Sirhan killed Bobby Kennedy in LA

In 1989, he told David Frost "My only connection
with Robert Kennedy was his sole support of
Israel and his deliberate attempt to send those
50 bombers to Israel to obviously do harm to the
Palestinians". Some scholars believe that the
assassination was one of the first major
incidents of political violence in the United
States stemming from the Arab Israeli conflict in
the Middle East.
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirhan_Sirhan
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Richard M Nixon

• Nixon becomes US president in 1968
• Promised to end the war
• Lottery System- system where draftees chosen by
  birthdays.

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Nixon orders the bombing of North Vietnam

• Nixon order to stop the Ho Chi Minh Trail
• Protesters increased over the bombing
• Universities all across the nation were
  protesting.
• Kent State University- National Guard shot at 4
  students protesters. (Ohio)

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Pentagon Papers

• Pentagon papers recorded the truth about Vietnam.
  
• Daniel Ellsberg- copied the papers and gave them
  to the New York Times.
• Nixon tried to stop the publication of the
  papers.
• Supreme Court ruled against Nixon
• Plumbers-hired to stop leaks

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PARIS PEACE ACCORDS

• When peace talks resumed in Paris on January 8,
  1973, an accord was reached swiftly. The peace
  agreement was formally signed on January 27,
  1973.

www.usip.org/class/simulations/paris.html
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Fall of Saigon 1975

• On March 29, 1973, two months after signing the
  Vietnam peace agreement, the last U.S. troops
  leave South Vietnam when Hanoi freed the
  remaining American prisoners of war.
• Seven thousand U.S. Department of Defense
  employees remained in South Vietnam to help aid
  in the ongoing battle with North Vietnam.
• The Viet Cong captured the city of Saigon in 1975.

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Impact of the Vietnam War
26th Amendment- lowing the voting age to 18 years
old.
War Powers Act 1973

• US President must notify Congresswith in 48
  hours of deploying military forces.
• President must withdrawal forces unless he gains
  Congressional approval within 90 days.

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Unit 10 1960s and Vietnam Study Guide10
Matching 22 Multiple Choice

• Matching
• Vietnamization
• JFK
• LBJ
• AIM
• NOW
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• Bay of Pigs Invation

• Multiple Choice
• Great Society
• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
• Betty Friedan
• Cesar Chavez
• Domino Theory
• 26th Amendment
• Fall of Saigon
• Credibility Gap
• Silent Majority