Monroe to Jackson

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Monroe to Jackson

• The Development of the Age of the Common Man

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Pics
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AP Outline

• 9. Sectionalism
• The South
• Cotton Kingdom
• Southern trade and industry
• Southern Society and culture
• Gradations of White Society
• Nature of slavery Peculiar Institution
• The mind of the South
• The North
• Northeast Industry
• Labor
• Immigration
• Urban Slums
• Northwest agriculture
• Westward Expansion
• Advance of agriculture frontier
• Significance of the Frontier
• Life on the Frontier squatters
• Removal of American Indians

• 8. Nationalism and Economic Expansion
• James Monroe Era of Good Feelings
• Panic of 1819
• Settlement of the West
• Missouri Compromise
• Foreign Affairs Canada, Florida, the Monroe
  Doctrine
• Election of 1824 end of the Virginia Dynasty
• Economic Revolution
• Early Railroads
• Expansion of business
• Beginning of factory system
• Early labor movement women
• Social mobility extremes of wealth
• The cotton revolution in the South
• Commercial agriculture

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Setting the StageWhat is the significance of
this passage?

• We stand at this moment (1821) on the brink of
  fate, on the very edge of the precipice. We are
  no longer to remain plain and simple republics of
  farmers, like New England colonist, or Dutch
  settlements on the Hudson. We are fast becoming
  a great nation, with great commerce,
  manufactures, population, wealth, luxuries, and
  with vices and miseries that they engender.

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Themes Continued

• Western Expansion- people move West, Indian land
  is confiscated
• Conflict and Compromise Slavery expands with the
  movement of people West causes political
  compromises (Missouri Compromise)
• Industrialization- factories, cities, immigration
• Transportation- networks increase, roads
  (Turnpikes), canals, steamboats (Fulton),
  railroads increase in this period

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The Madisonian Platformthe American System

• After the War there is a huge feeling of
  Nationalism-
• The idea of loyalty or devotion to a nation, or
• Pride in ones country, usually excessive
• Madison unveils a program to develop the country
  through the leadership of the Federal Government
• Military, banking, protective tariffs, internal
  improvements (roads, canals), and a national
  university

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Madisons Platform

• Military
• Banking- Chartering the Second Bank of the United
  States -first bank, time ran out and paper money
  issued caused inflation Bank is created 1816-
• became economically strong
• McCullah vs. Maryland- Marshall-ruled that the
  Bank was legal and states could not tax it.
• Protective Tariff- During Embargo, manufacturing
  in Northeast develops, Brits produce more goods,
  cheaper, and faster
• Textile industrialists, (Lowell) support tariff
• Even Calhoun of South Carolina, supported the
  tariff, because of nationalistic or patriotic
  reasons.

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James Monroe 1817-1825Virginian, worked as
Secretary of State for Madison
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Era of Good Feelings

• Era of Good Feelings Is a common term related
  to the period of time where there was a drastic
  reduction of political infighting, (Federalists
  are all but extinct)
• International problems are drastically reduced
• High level of Nationalism and optimism
• People in the US are on the move economically,
  and geographically (Westward Expansion)
• Nationalism-
• The idea of loyalty or devotion to a nation, or
• Pride in ones country, usually excessive
• Americans look inward to develop-
• West/transportation/economic development/
• Problem-sectionalism continues

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Republicans Change Views 1816-29

• Madisons Platform
• Now Supported large navy
• Supported Charter of Second Bank of US
• Protective Tariff
• Internal Improvements

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The American System

• Similar to Madisons Platform ideas (Clay is
  associated with supporting plan)
• 1. Protective Tariff- to pay for improvements
• 2. National Bank- organize finances of the
  government
• 3. Internal Improvements- roads, canals (this
  became an issue for some states rights
  congressmen)

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Panic of 1819

• In the years before 1819 European countries were
  disrupted by Napoleons War-
• American goods- cotton and agriculture were in
  high demand, causing prices to rise
• Cotton 1815-.20 cents lb
• 1816-.30 cents lb
• 1818-.33 cents lb
• Causes land prices to rise, many land speculators
  and farmers borrow to buy land,
• When the price of goods goes down due to reduced
  demand, farmers, speculators and banks go broke-
  this causes a depression for 6 years.

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Webster, Calhoun and Clay

• Three Congressmen will help temper Sectional
  Interests and help make compromises for a
  generation.

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Webster (North)

• Congressman Daniel Webster of Massachusetts
  1812-1852
• Whig
• Anti-Slavery views
• Wants to preserve the Union
• Liberty and Union now and forever one and
  inseparable.
• Manufacturing interests-
• Party to a number of Compromises
• Great Orator

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Calhoun (Mr. Southerner)

• Congressman John C. Calhoun of South Carolina
  1811-1850
• Strongest Advocate of States Rights
• Starts as Dem-Republican
• Later will be part of Democratic party
• In favor of securing Slavery
• Secretary of War for Monroe
• Will become Vice President in
• Jacksons first Admin
• Supports Nullification

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Clay (West)

• Speaker of the House Henry Clay of Kentucky
  1811-1849 (died in office)
• War Hawk (Pro-War of 1812)
• Sponsored American System
• Internal Improvements
• Transportation network
• National Bank
• Protective Tariff
• Brokers the Missouri Compromise- to preserve the
  Union
• Runs for President a few times (1824)
• Whig Party

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Foreign Policy Under Monroe

• John Quincy Adams, the son of President John
  Adams, of Massachusetts, Secretary of State for
  Monroe
• Follows a Nationalist policy
• Expand American Territory
• Reduce European Influence in the Western
  Hemisphere

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Canada, Florida, and the Monroe Doctrine

• Adams negotiated Anglo-American Convention set a
  final settlement to the border of Canada- 49
  parallel legitimacy of Louisiana Purchase
• Adams-Onis Treaty (Spain) 1819-
• Florida, after War of 1812,
• Monroe ordered Andrew Jackson to kill indians
• Seminole Indians in Florida-
• Adams was able to get the Spanish to sell Florida
  to US in exchange for assumption of American
  Claims from the Napoleonic Wars

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Monroe Doctrine 1823

• Latin America was in the process of gaining
  independence from Spain
• European powers threatened to reassert control in
  the Western Hemisphere
• Adams wrote
• No (New) European Colonization in Western
  Hemisphere
• Isolation (US will not intervene in European
  Wars)
• Non-Intervention (Europeans were to keep their
  hands off the Americas)
• Significance/Effects- Americans will cite the
  Monroe Doctrine in future issues of Foreign
  Policy
• British Support

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Monroe Doctrine

• Adams The American continents are henceforth
  not to be considered as subjects for future
  colonization by any European Power.
• Our policy in regard to Europe is not to
  interfere in the internal concerns of its power.

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Sectional Crisis and Expansion Missouri
Compromise

• 1819 Missouri wants to enter the Union as a slave
  state
• The issue of Slavery emerges again
• North and South dont want to lose power ie.,
  votes in Congress (states had entered in pairs
  slave/free especially the Senate)
• 1819- 11 free and 11 slaves states

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Missouri Compromise

• Daniel Webster creates a deal
• Missouri enters the union as a slave state
• Maine enters as a free state
• Territory of the Louisiana purchase above 3630
  could not have slavery
• The Compromise resulted in stability of the Union
• It also resulted in increased sectional/political
  division

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Missouri comp map
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Election of 1824

• Jackson, Adams, Clay
• No clear majority in Electoral College
• According to the 12th amendment,
• House of Reps choose between the top three
  candidates with the highest number of electoral
  votes
• Clay throws support to Adams
• Jackson won the popular vote, popular in the WEST
  as a military hero- stood for slavery,
  nationalism, protective tariff,
• Adams won the Electoral Vote
• Jackson will claim a Corrupt Bargain was struck
  between Adams and Clay- appointed Secretary of
  State)
• Resulted in the SPLITING OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY

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1824 Elect
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New Parties Emerge

• Democratic Party, Supporters of Jackson will
  unite (Closer to Jeffersonian Republicans)

• Whig Party Supporters of Henry Clay (closer to
  Federalists)
• 1. Protective Tariff- to pay for improvements
• 2. National Bank- organize finances of the
  government
• 3. Internal Improvements- roads, canals (this
  became an issue for some states rights
  congressmen)