Chapter 12 The Age of Jackson

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Chapter 12The Age of Jackson
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Lets Review Presidents

• George Washington
• John Adams
• Thomas Jefferson
• James Madison
• James Monroe

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Election of 1824

• Who ran
• John Quincy Adams Democratic-Republican
• William Crawford
• Henry Clay
• Andrew Jackson Democratic-Republican

• Who won
• Jackson won popular votes BUT
• John Quincy Adams won the electoral vote so he
  won the election

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Election of 1824 6th President

• John Quincy Adams becomes the 6th President of
  the United States
• He was a Democratic- Republican
• John Adams son
• he was disliked by most like his father

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Election of 1828

• Jackson claimed to represent the common man
• Jackson felt a connection with normal, everyday
  common people
• JQ Adams felt a connection with the wealthy,
  privileged people

• Jackson Adams were both Democratic-Republicans
  BUT they represented different groups of people.

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Split Party

• Since Adams and Jackson represented different
  groups of people, the party split.
• Adams supporters became known as Republicans
• Jacksons supporters became known as Democrats

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Election of 1828 Andrew Jackson

• Jackson promised to look out for the interests of
  the common people.
• The idea of spreading political power to all the
  people and ensuring majority rule became known as
  Jacksonian democracy.
• Jackson began giving jobs to his supporters and
  friends he backed the majority

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Election of 1828

• Andrew Jackson won the election of 1828 to become
  the 7th President
• Jacksons humble background
  and reputation as a war hero
  helped make him
  President.
• He was the first President
  who wasnt from a rich
  Mass. or Virginia
  family.
• Thousands of people came to Jacksons
  inauguration, this showed Jacksons popularity.

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Spoils System

• Jackson began his Presidency by replacing many
  government jobs officials with his supporters
  and friends. (ordinary citizens)
• The spoils system became known as the practice of
  giving government
  jobs to political supporters.

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Indians in America
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Indians in America

• Since 1600, white settlers had pushed Native
  Americans westward as they took more and more of
  their land.
• By the 1820s, about 100,000 Native Americans
  remained east of the Mississippi River.
• Andrew Jackson had long supported
  a policy of moving Native Americans
  west of the Mississippi
  River

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Indian Removal Act

• Jackson believed the government had the right to
  regulate where Native Americans could live.
• Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act
• This required Native
  Americans to move west.

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Map of Indian Removal Act
Mississippi River
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Indian Territory

• As whites invaded Indian homelands, many Native
  Americans began signing treaties exchanging their
  land for land in the West.
• Worcester v. Georgia supreme court decision
  that forced Indians to move west.
• Indian Territory Parts of Oklahoma Native
  American Indians were forced to move to by Andrew
  Jackson and the Supreme Court.

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Map of Indian Removal Act
Indian Territory
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Trail of Tears

• Many Cherokees refused to move West. Jackson made
  soldiers force Cherokees into camps and made them
  set out on a long, hard journey to Indian
  Territory.
• ¼ of the Indians on the journey died.
• Trail of Tears The journey of Cherokee Indians
  being forced off their homeland to Indian
  Territory

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Trail of Tears
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Was Jackson right?

• People with racial hatred in their hearts in
  power always think Law and Justice is on their
  side.
• President Andrew Jackson did not have the law on
  his side when he marched 4,000 Cherokee to their
  deaths on the Trail of Tears.
•  "JOHN MARSHALL HAS MADE HIS LAW NOW LET HIM
  ENFORCE IT", Andrew Jackson to the Supreme Court
  when ordered to leave the Cherokee alone.

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Jackson and the Indians

• Andrew Jackson had the greatest impact on the
  Indians of all Presidents before
• and after him

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(No Transcript)
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Tariffs

• Many lands had been acquired by time Andrew
  Jackson became President.
• Tariffs taxes on imported goods became an
  issue
• Revenue tariff used to raise money, like sales
  tax. These taxes are usually low.
• Protective tariff to persuade people to buy
  goods in their own country instead of purchasing
  foreign-made products. These are high taxes that
  protect American companies.

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Protective tariff vs. no tariff
2.50 to produce in Britain
1.00 profit
4.90
3.50


Tariff 40


3.00 to produce in the U.S.
1.00 profit
4.00
4.00



Cheaper for products made in the U.S.
encourages people to buy American products
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Tariffs

• Northerners supported high tariffs because the
  American manufacturers sell their products at a
  lower price than imported goods.
• Factories manufacturers were in the North
• The South did not support high tariffs because
  its economy depended on foreign trade.
• They needed foreign products

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Tariff of Abominations

• Tariff of Abominations a law passed that raised
  the tariffs on raw materials and manufactured
  goods.
• Southerners were outraged
• They had to sell their cotton at low prices

• The state of South Carolina threatened to secede,
  or leave the Union (United States), because of
  the Tariff of Abominations.
• They were upset bad for the economy

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Doctrine of Nullification

• John Calhoun did not want S. Carolina to leave
  the Union so he passed the Doctrine of
  Nullification -
• This said a state had a right to nullify, or
  reject, a federal law that it considers
  unconstitutional
• Calhoun believed Congress had no right to pass a
  tariff that helped only 1 section of the country

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Secession

• Secession withdrawal from the Union
• South Carolina threatened to withdraw (or leave)
  the United States of America if the federal
  government tried to collect the tariffs.
• WHY? S. Carolina believed the tariffs were too
  high.

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Election of 1836

• Jackson served 2 terms was very popular
• Jacksons vice-president, Martin Van Buren became
  the 8th President of the U.S.
• A few months after Van Buren
  took office a panic (fear) about
  the economy spread.
• Panic of 1837 - a widespread
  fear about the state of the economy

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Depression

• People took their paper money to the banks and
  demand gold or silver.
• The banks could not pay the people
• The banks went bankrupt.
• Depression severe economic slump

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President Review

• George Washington
• John Adams
• Thomas Jefferson
• James Madison
• James Monroe
• John Quincy Adams
• Andrew Jackson
• Martin Van Buren

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Election of 1840

• Henry Clay and Daniel Webster argued that the
  government needed to help the economy
• Van Buren disagreed would not help
• Many Americans blamed Martin Van Buren for the
  Panic

• Clay, Webster, and Jackson opponents formed the
  Whig Party for the election of 1840

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Election of 1840

• The Whig Party was named after a British Party
  they did not support A. Jackson
• The Whigs opposed all the power the chief
  executive (the President) has
• The Whigs chose William Henry
  Harrison for President and
  John Tyler for Vice President
• Harrison was a war hero

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Harrison dies in office

• William Henry Harrison became the 9th President
  of the United States
• Died of pneumonia one month after being
  inaugurated
• John Tyler, Harrisons Vice President, took
  Harrisons place after he died becoming the
  10th President of the United States.

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Lets Review Presidents

• George Washington
• John Adams
• Thomas Jefferson
• James Madison
• James Monroe
• John Quincy Adams
• Andrew Jackson
• Martin Van Buren
• William Henry Harrison
• John Tyler