The Monroe Doctrine

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The Monroe Doctrine

• Pre 1823
• Early Monroe Doctrine
• Later Monroe Doctrine, 1895
• US Interventionist Diplomacy
• Emergence of Good Neighbor Policy
• The Cold War and Latin America

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Background to the Monroe Doctrine

• U.S. Preoccupied by the purchase of Florida,
  1817-21- did not want to spoil negotiations
• 1821-24 U.S. recognized Latin American Republics
• By 1824 18 of 20 Latin American colonies
  independent

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James Monroe, President, 1817-1825
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Monroe Doctrine Text

• Our policy, in regard to Europe, which was
  adopted at an early stage of the wars which have
  so long agitated that quarter of the globe,
  nevertheless remains the same, which is, not to
  interfere in the internal concerns of any of its
  powers to consider the government de facto as
  the legitimate government for us to cultivate
  friendly relations with it, and to preserve those
  relations by a frank, firm, and manly policy
  meeting, in all instances, the just claims of
  every power submitting to injuries from none.
  But, in regard to these continents, circumstances
  are eminently and conspicuously different. It is
  impossible that the allied powers should extend
  their political system to any portion of either
  continent, without endangering our peace and
  happiness nor can any one believe that our
  Southern Brethren, if left to themselves, would
  adopt it of their own accord. It is equally
  impossible, therefore, that we should behold such
  interposition, in any form, with indifference.

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Early Monroe Doctrine

• Formulation of Monroe Doctrine-
• Great Britains rowboat?
• Debate over the forms of government in Latin
  America
• US reactions to European presence in Latin
  America
• Spain, France in Mexico 1829, 1838
• Britain and Falklands/Malvinas 1833
• British role in Brazil, Argentina
• French occupation of Mexico, 1861-67

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Development of Monroe Doctrine
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US Response to Imperialism

• Formulation of U.S. concept of strategic defense
  of land and sea borders
• Spanish Cuban War (1895) Spanish-American War
  (1898)
• Revived interest in Panama Canal
• Brought America into conflict with European
  nations over colonies.
• Repudiated the Monroe Doctrine.

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Panama Canal
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US Interventionist Diplomacy

• Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine
• Led to Big Stick Diplomacy in Dominican
  Republic, Haiti, Cuba
• Dollar Diplomacy of the 1920s
• The most invaded country in Central and South
  America?

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Emergence of Good Neighbor Policy

• Started during Hoover administration
  (1928-32)-repudiated moralistic policies of
  Woodrow Wilson
• Role of the Depression troop withdrawal,
  isolationism
• Preparations for War in Europe
• Strengthened Inter-Am. Organizations
• Need to secure strategic war resources in L.Am.,
  especially minerals
• Desire to keep Fascists out of Latin America

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The Cold War and Latin America

• Consequences of WWII Shift of US fears from
  Fascism to Communism
• Treaty of Rio 1947
• Latin Americas response to the Marshall Plan,
  1948
• Use of foreign aid and Rio Treaty to counteract
  communism and nationalism in Latin America
• Economic Imperialism

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The Election of 1824The Corrupt Bargain

• The death of the Federalist Party
• The Democratic-Republican Party
• The Electoral results
• The House of Representatives
• The Bargain and aftermath

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The Election of 1824The Democratic-Republican
Party
Andrew Jackson
Henry Clay
William Crawford
John Quincy Adams
Who would you vote for?
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The Election of 1824Electoral Results
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The Election of 1824Electoral Results
Candidate Popular Vote Electoral Vote
Andrew Jackson 43 99
J.Q. Adams 31 32
William Crawford 13 41
Henry Clay 13 37
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The Election of 1824The House of Representatives
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The Election of 1824The Bargain and Aftermath

• Henry Clay-(Speaker of the House), hated Andrew
  Jackson
• Crawford is ill and not a front runner
• Clay and Adams politically similar, Clay throws
  support to Adams
• House of Reps. chooses Adams for president
• Adams announces his choice of Henry Clay for
  Secretary of State

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The Election of 1824The Bargain and Aftermath

• Jackson corrupt bargain
• Democratic Party (Jackson) splits from
• National Republican Party (Adams)
• 2nd Bank of the United States
• Emergence of the West as a political force