Anatomy

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Anatomy Physiology of the Pig

• ANSC 4401
• Swine Production

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Why understand pig AP?

• It will open new areas of application of pig
  biology to benefit humans
• It helps you have a conversation with other pig
  people, veterinarians and scientists
• It will help you manage pigs in meaningful ways
  on farms
• Recognize disease states more easily
• Obtain blood or other tissue samples

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Anatomy Physiology Outline

• Anatomical terms
• Major bones
• Uses for pigs other than for eating
• Some terminology
• Blood collection
• Necropsy

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Anatomical terms
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Major bones of the pig
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Uses of pigs other than for eating

• Organ donors
• As a source of biological materials, ex. Insulin
  or heparin
• As a model for biomedical research
• As an organ donor to humans
• For entertainment
• As pets
• As truffle-finders (they are smell experts)

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Xenotransplantation Cloning

• New pig cloning research promising yet risky,
  studies indicate
• August 17, 2000Web posted at 1257 PM EDT (1657
  GMT)
• WASHINGTON (CNN) -- Two groups of researchers
  publishing work in rival scientific journals
  report similar successes in cloning pigs -- a
  difficult process that may lead to ways to grow
  organs in the animals destined for human
  transplantation.
• "The goal here is to reduce the shortage of
  organs for transplantation and prevent any more
  needless deaths that arise because people simply
  don't receive the organ they need," said Dr.
  Anthony Perry of New York's Rockefeller
  University.

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Some Terms

• Serum (fluid minus all cells and clotting
  factors)
• Plasma (fluid including soluble clotting
  factors)
• Red blood cells (obtained only from plasma)
• White blood cells (obtained only from plasma)

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Composition of Newborn Pigs
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Blood Collection From Pigs

• Ear veins
• Jugular vein
• Facial vein
• Tail vein
• Orbital Sinus

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Points to sample from or inject into the venous
system of pigs
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Common Bleeding Ports
Orbital venous sinus
Auricular (ear) vein
External Jugular Vein
Facial Vein
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Bleeding Trough for Young Pigs
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Bleeding tools Vacutainer
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Bleeding sows
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Blood Collection Tubes
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Maximum safe blood draw
Age weight Total blood volume, mL Maximum draw, mL
Newborn, 3 lb 110 10
Nursery pig, 35 lb 1,280 120
Sow, 440 lb 16,000 1,600
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Selected normal blood values
Measure Value
Blood volume 8
WBC count 10-12 thousand/µL
Neutrophils 45
Lymphocytes 50
Gamma globulin 25-30 mg/mL
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Necropsy Why?

• To improve the herd health
• To contribute to the herd health program
• To identify causes of illness or death so that
• Effective treatments can be applied
• Preventative measures can be implemented

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Necropsy What to look for

• Skin condition
• Swollen joints
• Wounds or abscesses
• Intestinal condition (fluid-filled, bloody, gas,
  etc)
• Lung condition (hemorrhage, non-functional
  tissues, edema, etc.)
• Liver condition (look for milk spots indication
  of a parasitic infection)
• Condition of other organs (kidneys, spleen,
  heart)
• Snout condition (condition of the turbinates)

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Necropsy normal
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Necropsy -- Tools

• Scalpel
• Probes (spatula or equivalent)
• Saw (hack saw or equivalent)
• Water
• Mechanism to dispose of parts (plastic bags)

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The End