Human Anatomy

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Human Anatomy Physiology

• Instructor Jeff Hargett
• Biology 2121

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Important Information

• Email jhargett_at_floyd.edu
• Background
• Full-Time Experience 28 years (Rome High)
• Part-Time Experience 12 years (Floyd College)
• Syllabus On the web at http//www.floyd.edu/aca
  demics/divisions/smpe/biology/jhargett/hargett.htm

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Introduction Anatomy

• Study of the structure of living organisms
• surface anatomy
• gross anatomy
• embryology
• cytology
• histology

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Physiology

• Study of the function of body parts
• cell physiology
• pathophysiology
• exercise physiology
• immunology

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Body Systems

• Integumentary system- external support and
  protection of the body
• Skeletal system - internal support and flexible
  framework for body movement
• Muscular system - production of body movement and
  body heat
• Respiratory system- gas exchange between
  environment and blood

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• Nervous system- controls and regulates all other
  systems of the body
• Circulatory - transport of nutrients to body
  cells and waste products away from cells
• Lymphatic system- body immunity and absorption of
  fats
• Endocrine system- secretion of hormones

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• Urinary system - blood filtration and waste
  removal
• Digestive system- breakdown and absorption of
  food
• Reproductive system - production of egg and sperm
  as well as secretion of the sex hormones

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Organization of Life

• Structural Levels
• chemical
• cellular
• tissue
• organs
• organ systems

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What is Life?Characteristics of Life

• Movement
• Growth
• Differentiation
• Reproduction
• Homeostasis

• Organization
• Metabolism
• catabolism
• anabolism
• Responsiveness

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Homeostasis

• Constancy Within Narrow Limits

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Feedback Loops

• Negative feedback systems
• reverses original stimulus
• helps stabilize situation
• Positive feedback systems
• enhancement of original stimulus
• amplify/reinforce change

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Anatomical Terminology

• Antatomical Position
• Regional Terms
• Axial
• Appendicular

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Body Planes

• Sagittal
• Midsagittal (Median)
• Parasagittal
• Frontal (Coronal)
• Transverse (Cross Section)
• Oblique

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Body Cavities

• Dorsal
• Cranial
• Vertebral (Spinal)
• Ventral
• Thoracic
• Right Left Pleural
• Mediastinum (Pericardial)
• Abdominopelvic

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Abdominopelvic Subdivisions

• Abdominal
• Pelvic
• Quadrants
• Regions
• Epigastric
• Umbilical
• Hypogastric
• Right Left Hypochondriac
• Right Left Lumbar
• Right Left Iliac (inguinal)

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Directional Terminology

• Superior / Inferior
• Anterior (ventral) / Posterior (dorsal)
• Medial / Lateral / Intermediate
• Proximal / Distal
• Superficial / Deep

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Regional Terms

• Abdominal - anterior torso below
  diaphragm
• Antebrachium - forearm
• Antecubital - Depressed area in front of
  elbow

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• Arm - upper extremity between shoulder and
  elbow
• Axillary - armpit
• Brachial - arm
• Buccal - mouth
• Carpal - wrist
• Cephalic - head
• Cervical - neck

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• Costal - ribs
• Cranial - skull
• Crural - leg
• Cubital - elbow
• Cutaneous - skin
• Digital - fingers or toes
• Dorsum or dorsal - back

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• Epigastric - upper middle area of abdomen
• Facial - face
• Femoral - thigh
• Frontal - forehead
• Forearm - upper extremity between elbow and
  wrist
• Gluteal - buttocks

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• Groin - root of thigh between torso and leg
• Inguinal - groin
• Leg - Lower extremity between knee and
  ankle
• Lumbar - Lower back
• Mammary - breast

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• Mastoid - Area of skull below and behind
  ear
• Occipital - Back of lower skull
• Palmar - Palm of hand
• Pectoral - chest
• Pedal - foot
• Pelvic - lower torso

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• Perineal - area between anus and genitals
• Precordial - chest area over heart
• Plantar - sole of foot
• Popliteal - behind knee
• Supraclavicular - above collar bone
• Tarsal - ankle

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• Temporal - side of skull
• Thoracic - chest
• Umbilical - area around umbilicus (navel)
• Volar - palm or sole