The Middle Ages

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The Middle Ages The Power of the Church
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Periodization
Early Middle Ages 500 1000 High Middle Ages
1000 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500
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Question

• Who stepped in as the major power of Europe after
  the Roman Empire fell?

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Europe in the 6c
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The Power of the Church

1. Between the years of 800-1300 almost all the
   people of Europe were Christians.
2. There was only ONE church, and it was headed by
   the pope.
3. All aspects of life was centered around the
   church.

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Hierarchy Of the Church

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The Medieval Church

• The church helped save souls through donations.
  The church became wealthy.
• By 1050, the church was the largest land owner in
  Western Europe.
• Church members could read and write, many kings
  could not.
• Church members become powerful, influential and
  wealthy as they taught and advised kings.

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Power Struggle Between the Kings and Popes

1. Kings and nobles began to reward loyalty to
   people with wealthy positions in the church.
   However, sometimes these people were immoral and
   selfish and the people lost respect for the
   church.
2. Pope Gregory VII changes the church stated the
   church was above the king and appoints its own
   bishops and cardinals.

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Problems continued..

• King Henry IV, king of Germany and Italy,
  considered Gregorys statement to be an attack on
  his power.
• A. Ignored Gregory, called for his
  resignation.
• Henry is excommunicated, or expelled from the
  church. Anyone supported Henry would be
  excommunicated also.
• Henry had no supporters.

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Henry begs..

• Henry traveled to Italy on barefoot during the
  winter to present himself as a beggar. Gregory
  kept Henry waiting in the cold for three days in
  the snow before he canceled the excommunication.

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The Treaty

• The battle continues
• 1. In 1122, representatives of the king and the
  pope met in Worms, Germany. Treaty Concordat of
  Worms. The king agreed to having the pope select
  church leaders.

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The Medieval Catholic Church

• filled the power vacuum left from the
  collapse of the classical world.
• monasticism
• St. Benedict Benedictine Rule of poverty,
  chastity, and obedience.
• provided schools for the children of the upper
  class.
• inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
• libraries scriptoria to copy books and
  illuminate manuscripts.
• monks ? missionaries to the barbarians. St.
  Patrick, St. Boniface

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The Power of the Medieval Church

• bishops and abbots played a large part in the
  feudal system.
• the church controlled about 1/3 of the land
  in Western Europe.
• tried to curb feudal warfare ? only 40 days a
  year for combat.
• curb heresies ? crusades Inquisition
• tithe ? 1/10 tax on your assets given to the
  church.
• Peters Pence ? 1 penny per person paid by
  the peasants.

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A Medieval Monks Day
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A Medieval Monastery The Scriptorium
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Illuminated Manuscripts
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The Universities

1. As European towns grew, so did the need want for
   education. This grew out of the flow of knowledge
   from the Muslim world.
2. Studies philosophy, theology, medicine and law.
3. Began universities or guilds of students and
   teachers.
4. Replaced monasteries and cathedrals as places of
   learning.

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Medieval Universities
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Oxford University
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Reflection 1

• Explain the power of the pope.

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Romanesque Architectural Style

• Rounded Arches.
• Barrel vaults.
• Thick walls.
• Darker, simplistic interiors.
• Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

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Charlemagne 742 to 814
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Charlemagnes Empire
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Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor Dec.
25, 800
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The Carolingian Renaissance
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Carolingian Miniscule
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The Rise of European Monarchies
England
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Charlemagnes Empire CollapsesTreaty of Verdun,
843
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Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on
loyalty and military service.
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Carcassonne A Medieval Castle
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Parts of a Medieval Castle
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The Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE
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Chivalry A Code of Honor and Behavior
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The Medieval Manor
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Life on the Medieval Manor
Serfs at work
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The "Renaissance" of the 12c
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William the ConquerorBattle of Hastings,
1066(Bayeaux Tapestry)
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Evolution of Englands Political System

• Henry I
• Williams son.
• set up a court system.
• Exchequer ? dept. of royal finances.

• Henry II
• established the principle of common law
  throughout the kingdom.
• grand jury.
• trial by jury.

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Evolution of Englands Political System

• Henry I
• Williams son.
• set up a court system.
• Exchequer ? dept. of royal finances.

• Henry II
• established the principle of common law
  throughout the kingdom.
• grand jury.
• trial by jury.

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Magna Carta, 1215

• King John I
• Runnymeade
• Great Charter
• monarchs were not above the law.
• kings had to consult a council of
  advisors.
• kings could not tax arbitrarily.

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The Beginnings of the British Parliament

• Great Council
• middle class merchants, townspeople burgesses
  in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.
  were added at the end of the 13c.
• eventually called Parliament.
• by 1400, two chambers evolved
• House of Lords ? nobles clergy.
• House of Commons ? knights and burgesses.

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The Rise of European Monarchies
France
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Gothic Architectural Style

• Pointed arches.
• High, narrow vaults.
• Thinner walls.
• Flying buttresses.
• Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors.
• Stained-glass windows.

Flying Buttresses
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Pope Urban II Preaching a Crusade
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Setting Out on Crusade
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Christian Crusades East and West
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Late Medieval Town Dwellings
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Medieval Trade
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Medieval Guilds
Guild Hall

• Commercial Monopoly
• Controlled membership apprentice ? journeyman
  ? master craftsman
• Controlled quality of the product masterpiece.
• Controlled prices

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Medieval Guilds A Goldsmiths Shop
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Crest of a Coopers Guild
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Reflection

• Describe the Power the Catholic Church had during
  the Middle Ages.